Rashid Mahmood1,*, Waqar Ahmad1, Muhamamd Khalid Rafique1, Ghulam Sarwar1 and Anjum Shahzad2
...nt managed and unmanaged apple orchards of Murree for determining relationship of different pollinator groups with crop yield. Apple is dependent on insect pollinators to set fruit. Farmers in Pakistan are generally not aware of pollination needs of apple. Results depicted a high population decline of Syrphids and Non-Apis bees. Syrphids were recorded as 12.65 to 13.85 per 250 flowers in 2...
K.N. Ahmed, S.H.A. Pramanik, M. Khatun A. Nargis M. R. Hasan
Efficacy of plant extracts in the suppression of insect pests and their effect on the yield of sunflower crop under different climatic conditions
...leaf extracts of custard apple (Annona squamosa ) and Bara Bishkatali ( Polygonum orienta) were tested against the pest infestation. The treatment of custard apple leaf extract produced the most favourable result in respect of pest control and crop yield. The other treatments also exhibited better results in comparison to control followed by Bara Bishkatali, Neem seed oil, a mixture of Neem seed oil and sesame oil, and casto...
K.N. Ahmed and M.R. Hasan
Sudden outbreak of mealy bug and armoured scale causing severe damage to economic crops in Bangladesh
...ndary hosts include fig, apple, almond, guava etc. Due to severe infestation, premature falling of leaves occurs. The ber or plum scale, Aonidia ziziphi Rah. was recorded from Rajshahi, Bangladesh as a serious pest of ber or plum plant damaging the leaves and immature fruits during December-January, 2007. The female reproduces parthenogenetically. Due to severe attack of mealy bug, the pericarp of immature fruit is damaged to some extent and it becomes unfit f...
Dhananjoy Mandal
Eco-friendly management of mealybug and wilt in pineapple
...revipes Cockerell in pineapple, the treatments were: T1 [Farmers’ practice: phorate 10 G @ 20 kgha-1 during planting + monocrotophos 36% EC @ 0.03% at 100 DAP + endosulfan 35% EC @ 0.02% during 150-180 DAP]; T2 [Treating planting materials (basal portion) with monocrotophos 36% EC @ 0.02% + phorate 10 G @ 15 kg ha-1at 100 DAP + Neem oil 1500 ppm spray @ 2.5 m/L-1 at 150 DAP]; T3 [Treating planting materials (basal portion) with monocrotophos 36% EC @ 0.0...
Abbas Ullah Jan1, Muhammad Fayaz1*, Yousaf Hayat2, Dawood Jan3 and Ghaffar Ali3
... increase in all fruits, apple, banana and citrus with increase in household income for urban households. For rural households with increase in household income, quantity elasticity of all the fruits tends increase with the exception of grapes where it decreases and remains constant in dates. The estimated quality elasticities reveal that both the urban and rural households purchase higher quality fruits as their income rise and are willing to pay a higher pri...
Sajid Ali* and Abdul Jabbar**
GROWTH AND VARIABILITY IN AREA PRODUCTION AND YIELD OF SELECTED FRUIT CROPS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...ed fruit crops including apple, peach, pear, and plum in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. The study is based on secondary data from 1975-76 to 2011-12 which is further bifurcated into three periods; period-I (from 1975-76 to 1990-91), period-II (from 1991-92 to 2011-12), and period-III (from 1975-76 to 2011-12). Cuddy-Della Valle index has been used for variability analysis. The findings of the study revealed that growth in production of selected fruit remained po...
ROLE OF HONEY BEES FORAGING ACTIVITIES IN INCREASED FRUIT SETTING AND PRODUCTION OF APPLES APIS MELLIFERA MALUS DOMESTICA
... activities on number of apple fruits per panicle and enhancement of apple weight. Apple Ameri trees were applied with natural pollination (T ) , pollination by honey bees only (T ), natural pollination augmented with honey bees (T ) and no pollination (T ,control). There was a significant increase in the apple fruit setting and weight gain in pollinated...
Jahangir khan* and Abbas Ullah Jan
...mand for pesticides free apple in the study area. ...
Sumera Siddique1,†, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1*, Amtul Bari Tabinda2, Muhammad Irfan1
Screening of some agri-wastes for economical cultivation of Candida tropicalis SS1
...g 2% pulverized peels of apples, mangoes, water melon and bagasse singly as well as in eleven different combinations. The media were inoculated with 1% (w/v) suspension of 24 h old yeast cultured in nutrient broth. The strain grew best in water melon (WM) at pH 7.0 and 37 °C under non agitation conditions. The proximate analysis revealed that the water melon peels showed the highest amount of crude protein (which was measured by micro Kjeldahl digestion sy...
Aqsa Khan1, Sabyan Faris Honey2*, Babar Bajwa2, Nelofer Jamil1 and Muhammad Sohail Mazhar2
...he major insect pest for apple growers in Balochistan province, Pakistan. To mass rear codling moth in the laboratory for different research purposes, three artificial diets with different compositions were evaluated for codling moth larvae. Two diets containing wheat germ in their composition as major protein source and one diet without wheat germ were used. Addition of wheat germ in the diet composition for larvae resulted in significantly high percent survi...
Zahra Nazir1, Saba Ijaz1, Roquyya Gul2 and Mahjabeen Saleem1,*
...d the overall quality of apple juice. Hence, acidic plant polygalacturonase isolated in this study would be useful as a potential candidate for its biotechnological applications in fruit juice clarification.
...
Hayat Zada and Ahmad-ur-Rahman Saljoqi*
...vum, Poaceae) in the apple orchard were a substantial effect on the management of C. pomonella (L). Minimum mean fruit drop were recorded for the intercrop Apple + Trifolium (2.87) which were significantly lower than all other intercrops including control (Apple sole). Likewise, minimum percent infestation (57.19%) were recorded for the Apple ...
Hayat Zada1, Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1,*, Ijaz Ali2, Bashir Ahmad1, Abdul Waheed Khan2 and Shabeer Ahmad2
...important insect pest of apple production in Pakistan. Genomic DNA was extracted from 30 overwintering larvae of each population of Matta, Madyan and Kalam regions. Out of 30 tested primers, 21 amplified 157 polymorphic bands in three populations. The mean gene frequency (f), genetic distance (I) and Shannon’s information index (h) for three populations were 1.336, 0.304 and 0.437, respectively. Nei’s unbiased measures of genetic identity and genet...
Jahangir Khan*, Syed Attaullah Shah, Khurram Nawaz Saddozai, Muhammad Fayaz, Shahid Ali, Abbas Ullah Jan and Ghaffar Ali
...nt quality attributes of apple in Peshawar district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. A sample 150 apple consumers were interviewed at different fruits retail shops to collect data on apple varieties, prices and quality attributes, such as color, size, shape, freshness and external defect. The data were analyzed using hedonic pricing model. Results show that Consumers have strong preferences for
Hamza Tariq1, Imran Hayat1, Saima Rafiq1*, Aqsa Qayyum2 and Sohrab Qayyum1
...n of different ratios of apple and autumn olive juice (T1= Apple 100% + Autumn olive 0%, T2 = Apple 80% + Autumn olive 20%, T3= Apple 60% + Autumn olive 40%, T4 = Apple 40% + Autumn olive 60%, T5 = Apple 20% + Autumn olive 80%, T6 = Apple 0% + Autu...
Fazli Rabbi1*, Muhammad Idrees2, Shahid Ali1, Muhammad Zamin3 and Hazrat Bilal4
Farmers Perceptions and Adoption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in Peach (Prunus persica L.) Production and Marketing
...trend among farmers from apple growing to peach (P. persica L.) production in the Swat valley of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during the last couple of years. However, these peach growers face various contraints in peach marketing. The farmers are reverting to the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to overcome marketing hurdles. This research investigates the farmers’ awareness and use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) vis-...
Yonghua Liu*, Xianhua Li, Xiongfei Yan and Gang Li
...t), Malus pumila (apple), Prunus salicina (plum), and Amygdalus persica (peach) on the growth, development, survival, reproduction, and life table parameters of A. fimbriana were studied. Different host plants had significant effects on the growth, development, and reproduction of A. fimbriana. The overall developmental duration was the longest on apple (60.71 d) and peach (60.78 d) and sho...
Faheem Ahmed Khan1*, Sarzamin Khan2, Qurat-ul-Ain3, Saqib Ishaq1, Muhammad Salman1, Abdul Rehman1, Ikram Ullah4, Kalsoom5 and Johar Jamil5
...lasses, orange peels and apple waste, respectively. Soybean meal protein source in broilers ration was replaced by SCMP. The level of antibody titre against Newcastle Disease Vaccine was significantly higher (p≤0.05) than all treated groups. Higher antibody titre was recorded for group C (6g/Kg) (HI≥1:64) followed by group B (4g/Kg) (HI≥1:32) and Group A (2g/Kg) (HI≥1:8) while antibody titre was lower for control group D. Replacement of soybean mea...
Sadaf Javaria1, Anum Marwat1, Muhammad Nadeem2, Mehwish Zerlasht1, Aiman Kareem3, Iqra Rubab1 and Masooma Munir4*
...rdize the formulation of apple peach mixed fruit leather. Exact formulation has very important role in producing an acceptable and admired food product and the product grab more market. Therefore, the formulation of apple peach mix fruit leather was standardized by different treatments i.e. apple peach puree mixed in various combinations T1 (100:0), T2 (75:25), T...
Arshad Bhat1*, Masudul H. Wani1, Shabir A. Wani2, Abid Qadir3, Iqra Qureshi4 and Abid Sultan2
...nt of invisible costs in apple industry of Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir. Defensive Expenditure Method and Willingness to Pay Model was used to estimate the costs incurred on the health and protective items purchased for reducing the impact of excessive pesticide use on health and ecosystem. Furthermore, Contingent Valuation Method was employed for knowing the willingness of the apple growers to use pesticides in biod...
Ghulam Murtaza1*, Muhammad Ramzan2, Assad Ullah3, Abid Ali5, Ayesha Zafar3, Rukhsar Beanish3, Ahmad Ali4, Ghulam Mustafa4 and Mudassar Aslam4
...nt fruits such as guava, apple, fig, banana and citrus were exposed to Bactrocera zonata for oviposition. Fruits were placed in cage to assess the host preference for oviposition fruits having equal weight (500g). Fifty pairs of 11-12 days old adult of B. zonata were released in cage for 24h to determine their oviposition. The study resulted that maximum number of pupae (125.34) were formed in guava fruit exposed to B. zonata followed by banana (104.12), citru...
Ebtisam, A. Abouel yazeed1; Yanni, M.I.1 and Hanan A. Fahmy2
...s identified by FAT with apple green fluorescence in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Viral RNA was extracted and the virus was confirmed by RT-qPCR assay utilized primers and probe that were designed to the target gene for rotavirus. The presence of rotavirus in fecal samples obtained from neonatal calves suggested its etiological roles and it is the main causative virus involved in neonatal calf diarrhea....
Aly M. Abdel-Salam1 and Samah A. Mokbel2
...(NRSV) was isolated from apple orchards
in the vicinity of Nubaria city, Beheira governorate, Egypt. Infected-apple trees
showed chlorotic, necrotic ringspots, and shoot holes on leaves. Severely infectedtrees
withered, became useless, and were removed causing severe economic losses.
Reverse transcriptase (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR), RT-PCR, using
degenerat...
Huda S. Darwish 1, Om-hashem M. El-Banna2, Mohamed S. Abbas3, Hoda M. Waziri 1, Maisa A. Awad1
...v>
tobacco, grape, apple, peach, cherry, apricot and raspberry. Both of sodium azide (NaN3) and ethyl
methanesulfonate (EMS) are known as chemical mutagens.
Objective: Study the effect of chemical mutagens (NaN3and EMS) on the resistance of (ToRSV) on
two different tomato cultivars and characterization induction mutagens by ISSR molecular method.
Methods: ToRSV was isolated from infected tomato, grapevine a...
Sana Javeid* and Khalid Nawab
...ermine poverty levels of apple orchard growers and association of different extension services with poverty in district Bagh, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJ&K). Primary data from 306 respondents were collected using multistage simple random sampling techniques. The data were collected using an interview schedule; analysis were carried out by using cross-tabulation, frequency counts, percentages through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). To measure...
Nawab Khan1, Ram L. Ray2, Muhammad Ihtisham3*, Badar Naseem Siddiqui4*, Muhammad Khayyam5, Raheel Anjum6 and Simplice A. Asongu7
...wareness and adoption of apple production practices in 2019. This study selected Ziarat district to investigate socioeconomic determinants of the awareness and adoption of apple production because it is located in the center of the high apple-growing districts in northern Balochistan. A sample of 120 respondents was selected through multi-stage-random sampling from two tehsils (Sinjawi and...
Muhammad Salman*, Muhammad Hamayoon Khan, Muhammad Zahid, Gul Zamin Khan, Fazli Rahim and Usman Khalique
...simmon (Diospyros kaki), apple (Malus domestica) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). The study was performed under free choice conditions by exposing all the tested fruits in the same arena to B. zonata female adults. Results revealed that tested biological parameters were significantly affected by the tested host except sex ratio. However, banana was found the most preferred host with maximum number of pupae recovery (298 ), maximum emerged flies (185) followe...
Nzube Thaddeus Egboka1*, Olajire Fagbola2, Ugochukwu Nnamdi Nkwopara1, Nnaemeka Henry Okoli1, Akaninyene Isaiah Afangide1 and Tochukwu Victor Nwosu3
... fallow, cassava and pineapple fields in Ibadan and Ikwuano areas of Nigeria at 0-15, 15-30 and 30-45 cm depths and analyzed in the Laboratory. Spore densities of AMF varied significantly (P > 0.05) between the fallow and cultivated (cassava and pineapple) land use types in both locations. Across the soil depths, however, AMF spore density decreased significantly with depth in Ibadan, with mean values of 54±6, 45&p...
Ghassan Zahid1, 2*, Sara Iftikhar3, Muhammad Umer Farooq4 and Shakeel Ahmed Soomro5
...in Pakistan like citrus, apples, mangoes, guavas, bananas, date palms and peaches, etc. Furthermore, by offering a piece of scientific information and addressing developments, notably in DNA-based molecular markers, this review paper may serve as a road map for obtaining high-yielding fruit varieties in Pakistan....
Jeki Mediantari Wahyu Wibawanti1,3, Sri Mulyani2*, Rudy Hartanto1, Ahmad Ni’matullah Al-Baarri2, Yoyok Budi Pramono2, Anang Mohamad Legowo2
...ulin comes from mangrove apple, which is potential as a prebiotic. Inulin combined with probiotics would be an ideal synbiotic for yogurt. By combining the synergistic effects of prebiotics and probiotics, synbiotic yogurts have the potential to be functional foods. This study was carried out to investigate the influence of synbiotics from the inulin of mangrove apple and Lactobacillus plantarum in the characteristics of goa...
Amal G. Abdelrahman1, Nabil A. Yassien1, Hussein M.H. Mohamed1, Khaled S. Tolba2, Heba H.S. Abdel-Naeem1*
... with 5 % and 7 % of pineapple extract, meanwhile, the 5th group was treated with a mixture of those extracts (5% kiwi + 5 % pineapple) in addition to the control group. All groups were kept in frozen storage at ‒18 °C for 3 months and subjected to proximate chemical analysis, measurement of deterioration criteria, and sensory quality. The results revealed that all enzyme-treated samples significantly increase protein ...
E. Yavuzaslanoglu1†, U. Gozel2, C. Gozel2 and M. Aydogdu3
...opathogenic nematodes in apple growing areas in
Karaman province, Turkey and their efficacy on Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Soil samples were
collected from 130 apple orchards in April 2012 and 2013. Entomopathogenic nematodes were found in 25 samples
(19.23%). Entomopathogenic nematodes species isolated: Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida:
...
Saleem Hussain1, Muhammad Tayyab1, Tauqir Anwar1, Talha Nazir2*, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed3, Zohaib Asad2,4, Muhammad Adnan3 and Tajwar Alam5
...ana tabacum L. and thorn apple Datura stramonium L.) against wheat aphid (Schizaphis graminum Rondani) under laboratory and field conditions. Using foliar spray method, toxicity bioassay was conducted with three different concentrations (i.e. 250, 500 and 1000 ppm) of methanolic plant extracts under controlled laboratory conditions, while three different concentrations (25, 50 and 75 g/L) of each botanical extract was tested in the field trial. Results showed ...
SAIMA AFTAB1, ATTIA HAMID1, MAHJBEEN2, JAVERIA TARIQ2, ZULQURNAIN ALI2, ASMA ZAFAR2*
...n this study low-quality apples were used for the production of ethanol that was further used for various purposes. From this work, it is clear that the maximum ethanol production is obtained from the apples. S. cerevisiae strain was used for the maximum conversion of sugar contents of apple extracts into ethanol. Different parameters like incubation time, temperature, pH and Inocul...
SAIMA AFTAB1, ATTIA HAMID1, MAHJBEEN2, JAVERIA TARIQ2, ZULQURNAIN ALI2, ASMA ZAFAR2*
...n this study low-quality apples were used for the production of ethanol that was further used for various purposes. From this work, it is clear that the maximum ethanol production is obtained from the apples. S. cerevisiae strain was used for the maximum conversion of sugar contents of apple extracts into ethanol. Different parameters like incubation time, temperature, pH and Inocul...
Salwa N. Zeinl and Hanaa S. Zawam2
...us (ACLSV) isolated from apple trees was successfully transmitted by dagger nematodes (Xiphinema spp) It was transmitted to bait plants grown in soil containing Xiphinema spp. nematodes, The virus was identified according to host range, mode of transmission, particle morphology, serological tests, and SDS-Polyacrylamide gels. Purification of ACLSV was performed using bentonite/polyethylene glycol. Electron micrograph of purified virus preparation revealed flex...
Imran Ahmad
...(strawberry, banana, and apple) and vegetables (beetroot and carrot) at three different levels (3%, 5%, 7% w/w). A Texture Analyzer determined hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness. The difference among the treatments was analyzed using standard deviation and ANOVA (p ≤ 0.05). To evaluate the various samples, a focus group of twelve panelists on the same day of preparation using a 9-point hedonic scale for seven attributes: viscosit...
Aqleem Abbas1, Mustansar Mubeen2, Waqar Younus1, Qaiser Shakeel3, Yasir Iftikhar2*, Sonum Bashir2, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan2 and Azhar Hussain1
...., fruit fly, armyworms, apple wooly aphids, aphids, mealy bug, scales and whiteflies, and parasitic weeds are considerably affecting GB crops. These diseases and pests can jeopardize GB’s food supply if not monitored regularly. The consequences of these biotic agents range from minor symptoms to catastrophic events that destroy whole fields. Plant protection units are needed to tackle these challenges to prevent future outbreaks. Herein, we describe sig...
Muhammad Adeel Farooq1, Shaukat Ali1*, Ali Hassan1, Rida Sulayman1, Muhammad Ahsan Kaleem2, Hafsa Shahzad1, Muhammad Summer1, Arooj Latif1, Tahreem Tanveer1
...oybean meal, wheat bran, apple peels, rice husk, and cucumber peels. The mutant strains of Bacillus subtilis (BSAA-5 to BSAA-40) and Bacillus licheniformis (BLAA-5 to BLAA-40) were prepared by exposure to UV radiation for 5 to 40 min to synthesize α-amylase via submerged fermentation. Then the crude α-amylase synthesized by these mutant strains was optimized and partially characterized. In contrast to wild and all other mutant strain BSAA-25 and BL...
El-Dougdougi, Kh. A.; Dawoud2, Rehab A.; Rezk2, A.A. and Sofy3, A.R.*
...rees and occasionally in apple, apricot, mandarin, grapevine, mango, peach, pear and plum trees with 25.2, 2.2, 7.2, 10.5, 12.4, 15.7, 65.6, 40.5 and 5.7% respectively. The principal characteristics of the disease on sweet orange trees. PLMVd was detected mainly in peach and occasionally in apple, apricot, grapevine, mango, pear and plum with 45.0, 5.4, 2.5, 0.5, 13.5, 23.4, and 3.5% incidence. The principal characteristics ...
S.A. Sidaros, S.A. El-Kewey , Hala A. Amin;Eman A.H. Khatab , A.A. Emeran l , Samaa Abd El-Khalilk and M.A.S. El-Kady
* Amal Abou El-Ela, A.
A.A.Farrag; I.A.M. Ibrahim and, H.M. Mazyad
Setter S.D , M.J. Setter , K.A Patane , P. Logan , D. Sydes
K.A PATANE,S.D SETTER
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir
Abeli, W. S., Issara, D. G., Malilah, P.K. and Mrosso, D. K.
...ing times when using a Grapple loader and a Skidder plate were 1.5min/m3 and 1.7min/m3, respectively....
Sultan Maqsood Khan
...d land and alfalfa under apple trees can
increase the forage production by 772 and 40 thousand tones respectively. Replacement of undesirable forage
species on field boundaries and range fertilization can
further increase for age production by 27 and 128
thousand tones respectively. In this way the annual
forage production can be increased to 1604 thousand
tones and the animal units to 628 thousand. At the
present level of efficiency of conversion of fe...
G. M. Baloch and M. A. Ghani
...orchards (e.g., olives, apples, almonds, cherries) (Gill and Hawksworth, 1961). Witchweeds, Striga spp., mostly damage graminaceous plants (e.g., sorghum, corn, sugarcane, pearl millet) (Greathead and Milner, 1971) while broomrapes, Orobanche spp, attack crucifers, eucurbits, potato, egg plant, tomato, sunflower, carrot, celery, lettuce and legumes (Kasaian, 1971). The dodders, Cuscuta spp., parasitise a large number of plants including t...
Mohammad Shahid and Abdul Qayyum
...Adhatoda vasica), apple (Malus
sylvestris ), loquat (Eriobotrya japonica), clovers
(Trifolium spp.),serson (Brassica campestris), maize
(Zea mays),dates (Phoenix spp.), citrus fruit (all
spp.), ber (Zizphus jujube), guava (Psidium guyava) and
shain (Plectranthus rugosus)were recorded as major
sources for the production of surplus honey with five
major honey-flows in a year at differen...
M. Ismail Chaudhry and Ashiq Ahmad
...sium cyanide
applied to apples in cuts at the rate of one gram also
proved very effective. Poison baits prepared with Zinc
phosphide, sevin and Recumin were not eaten at all.
...
Featuring
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Phytosociology of Subtropical Chir Pine Forest of Matta Forest Subdivision
Muhammad Ashfaq Khan, Basheer Ahmad, Sami Ul Haq, Bilal Ahmed Qazi, Saifullah
Pakistan Journal of Forestry, Vol. 74, Iss. 2, Pages 63-69
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Utilization of Non-Wood Fibers as Raw Materials for Pulp and Paper Production in Pakistan: A Review
Muhammad Umair Khan, Abdur Rehman, Mansoor Ali Khan, Abdur Rahman Khan, Sajid Ali and Zeeshan Ahmad
Pakistan Journal of Forestry, Vol. 74, Iss. 2, Pages 53-62
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