Issue · 2021
Vol. 37, Iss. 4, Pages 1098-1499
42 articles · pp. 1098-1499 · All issues →
Research ArticleEvaluation of Genetic Diversity in Wild Celtis australis L. Genotypes using Multivariate Analysis
Arshad Khan, Mohammad Ihsan, Ali Hazrat, Mohammad Nisar, Muhammad Laiq, Maryam Bibi et al.
Celtis australis L. is one of the most important annual plants globally. The current study was conducted to evaluate Celtis australis genotypes through morphological and biochemical characterizations. A total of 80 genotypes were collected from different regio…
5 Oct 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1418.1425
ReviewUnderstanding CPEC’s Role in Agriculture Sector Development in Pakistan: Issues and Opportunities
Pukhtoon Yar, Salman Khan, Du Ying, Muhammad Israr
This study attempts to identify major problems related to the agriculture sector in Pakistan and focusing on China Pakistan Economic Corridor’s (CPEC) role in addressing these issues. The agriculture sector is playing a major role in the economic develop…
29 Aug 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1211.1221
Research ArticleTwo-decade Spatio-temporal Land Use and Cover Changes in District Shangla of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Shakeel Ahmad, Muhammad Israr, Muhammad Amin, Muhammad Sadiq Hashmi, Nafees Ahmad, Rasheed Ahmad
Changes in land use land cover (LULC) play a vital role in developing and sustainable management of natural resources. The northern mountains of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan are rich in biodiversity and provide fragmented and fragile ecosystem services while vu…
30 Aug 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1230.1237
Research ArticleEffect of Different Herbs on the Histomorphology and Performance of Coccidiosis Challenged Broiler Chickens
Ahmed Ali Moryani, Nasir Rajput, Muhammad Naeem, Atta Hussain Shah, Hidayatullah Soomro
The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of herbs on the performance of broiler chickens challenged with coccidiosis. A total of 450 broiler chickens were allotted into 6 groups (n = 75/group). Group A controlled without supplementation, Group B,…
7 Sept 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1280.1290
Research ArticleEffectiveness of Agricultural Extension Services in Reducing Poverty of Apple Growers of District Bagh, Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Sana Javeid, Khalid Nawab
The current research study was conducted to determine poverty levels of apple orchard growers and association of different extension services with poverty in district Bagh, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJ&K). Primary data from 306 respondents were collected usi…
14 Sept 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1342.1354
Research ArticlePhosphorus Fractions and Wheat Seedlings Growth in Calcareous Soils Amended with P Enriched Compost
Muhammad Waheed, Dost Muhammad
Pretreatment of organic materials with phosphatic fertilizers can alter P fractionations in soil and boost up its availability to plant in calcareous soils. For this purpose, a pot experiment was conducted in the green house of the University of Agriculture Pe…
13 Oct 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1466.1475
Research ArticleEffect of Triticale Legume Mixed Cropping with Various Manure Levels on Forage Production for Hanwoo Cattle
Jo Ik-Hwan, Choi Kwang-Won, Muhammad Yaqoob, Muhammad Fiaz
The aim of this work was to evaluate mixed cropping triticale with legumes using different cattle manure levels for optimum forage productivity in a split plot arrangement having 3 main plots and 4 sub-plots with three replicates. Triticale was cultivated as m…
13 Oct 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1490.1499
Research ArticleEffect of Bio-Chemical Properties of Various Grains on the Quality Rearing of Factious Host, Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) and its Subsequent Effect on Trichogramma chilonis in Vitro
Arbab Zubair Ahmad, Farman Ullah, Hayat Badshah, Muhammad Shehzad Khan, Bashir Ahmad
This study investigated the host preference and development of Sitotroga cerealella as well as its effect on the quality of Trichogramma chilonis under laboratory conditions at Agriculture Research Institute (ARI), Tarnab, Peshawar-Pakistan during, 2017-2018.…
7 Oct 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1442.1449- Research Article
Stability Analysis of Bread Wheat Lines using Regression Models
Hafsa Naheed, Hidayat-Ur-Rahman
Stability of performance is one of the most important characteristics of any variety. To evaluate stability of 40 bread wheat lines (30 introduced lines and 5 check cultivars), a multi-environment experiment was conducted at three locations for two years; The…
7 Oct 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1450.1457 
Research ArticleTechnical Efficiency and Productivity Analysis of Bitter Gourd-Capsicum Multiple Cropping System under Tunnels in Punjab, Pakistan
Hina Fatima, Bushra Yasmin, Lal Khan Almas
This research focuses on the efficiency and productivity analysis of bitter gourd-capsicum multiple cropping systems under tunnels in Punjab, Pakistan. Given the wide land fragmentation and high population pressure, this is the dire need of time to get farmers…
1 Oct 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1403.1417
Research ArticlePhytochemical and Antimicrobial Potential of the Roots of Berberis brevissima Jafri. (Berberidaceae)
Zain Ullah, Anwar Ali Shad, Saqib Ali
Chemical screening on ethyl acetate fraction (Fr. C) obtained from the roots of Berberis brevissima Jafri. resulted in three compounds. Their structures were elucidated as β-Sitosterol-3-O-β-á´…-glucopyranoside (1), Berberine (2), and Pakistanine (3)…
14 Sept 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1306.1313
Research ArticleIntegration of Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Conard Moench.], Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) Allelopathy for Weed Management in Maize under different Tillage Regimes.
Haroon Ur Rashid, Nazia Tahir, Muhammad Zamin, Naveed Shehzad, Aman Ullah, Bibi Zainub et al.
Weed infestation is considered a significant yield reducing factor in maize yield around the world as well as in the south Asia. Integrated weed management (IWM) is recommended to reduce our reliance on synthetic herbicides and sustainable maize production. In…
14 Sept 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1323.1333
Research ArticleDrip Irrigated Vegetable Productivity under Tunnel in Potohar
Ghani Akbar, Muhammad Asif, Zafar Islam
Food security of rain-fed area is highly dependent on resource efficient practices under the current anthropogenic and climate change induced challenges in Pakistan. There is urgent need to adopt improved technologies capable of producing more with less water…
3 Sept 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1260.1268
Research ArticleGovernment Intervention in Pakistan’s Rice Sector: Concepts, Policies and Implications
Reema Zia, Noor Paio Khan
This study was designed to introduce Producer Subsidy Equivalent (PSE) and Subsidy Ratio to Producer (SRP), the celebrated tools of political economy, to gauge government intervention in Pakistan’s rice sector and draw policy implications for possible ad…
3 Sept 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1244.1249
Short CommunicationPerception of Dairy Farmers Regarding Antibiotic Use and Antimicrobial Resistance in Bangladesh
Md. Sahidur Rahman, Tishita Ape, Md. Islam, Sharmin Chowdhury
Inappropriate antibiotic use in dairy farms poses a major hazard to food safety and leads to the development of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms. We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the perspective of dairy farmers regarding antibiotic use as…
30 Aug 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1238.1243
Research ArticleSystematic use of Saline Water with Leaching Fraction for Improving Soil Health under Arid Conditions
Ameer Hamza, Mukkram Ali Tahir, Noor Us-Sabah, Ghulam Sarwar, Muhammad Luqman
Water scarcity is major constraint toward achieving sustainable agriculture in developing countries like Pakistan. Shortage of good quality water compels the farmers to use brackish water. Use of saline water along with leaching fraction could be useful by kee…
29 Aug 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1222.1229- Research Article
Impact of Graded Levels of Dietary Protein on Elemental Concentration of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) from Pakistan
Anila Kousar, Muhammad Naeem, Samrah Masud, Abir Ishtiaq, Zara Naeem, Rabia Iqbal
The present investigation conducted in 90 days feeding trial evaluated the effect of three dietary protein feeds (15% CP, 20%CP, 25%CP) composed of plant protein ingredients, on elemental concentration in Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) fingerlings,…
24 Aug 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1156.1166 
Research ArticleImpact of Harvesting and Marketing Behavior of Citrus Growers on their Socio-Economic Development: A Case of District Sargodha
Nadeem Anwar, Muhammad Luqman, Shaoib Nasir, Moazzam Sabir, Hafiz Bashir Ahmad, Saleem Ashraf
Present research study was designed to investigate the impact of harvesting and marketing behavior of citrus growers on their socio-economic development. This research was conducted in district Sargodha, the hub of citrus production. The findings of the study…
24 Aug 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1167.1177
Research ArticleEfficacy of Herbicides for Control of Duckweed (Lemna minor L.)
Bakhtiar Gul, Saleetha Rabial, Haroon Khan
An experiment was conducted in summer, 2016 at the Department of Weed Science, The University of Agriculture Peshawar to investigate the effect of herbicides on the management, growth and reproduction of duckweed (Lemna minor). The experiment was l…
24 Aug 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1193.1200
Research ArticleImpact of Selection on Distribution of Crop Duration Parameters in Chinese Wheat Hybrids
Zainab Iftikhar, Muhammad Arif, Iqbal Munir, Sajid Ali
Changes in climatic conditions would strongly influence the crop duration of many crops including wheat, which necessitates exploration of diversity in crop duration parameters in wheat with particular emphasis on novel sources of genetic variation, including…
24 Aug 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1178.1193
Research ArticleThe Potential Role of Moringa Leaf Extract as Bio-Stimulant to Improve some Quality Parameters of Different Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Genotypes
Arshad Abdulkhalq Yaseen, Mária Takácsné Hájos
Improving plant quality and increasing the yield, using environmentally friendly products are essential for human health and environmental protection. This research was aimed to assess the possible role of moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf extract (MLE) in impro…
16 Aug 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1107.1119
Research ArticleHistopathological Changes in Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) Plants Induced by the Infection of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, the Cause of Tomato Wilt Disease
Maryam Yousaf, Salman Ahmad, Romana Anjum, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed
A study was conducted to evaluate the structural and functional modifications in tomato Lycopersicum esculentum nursery seedlings in response to tomato wilt disease caused by fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL). Two months old tomato seedlings w…
16 Aug 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1128.1133
Research ArticleSide Effects of Lambda Cyhalothrin and Thiamethoxam on Insect Pests and Natural Enemies Associated with Cotton
Nelson D. Zambrano, Wilber Arteaga, José Velasquez, Dorys T. Chirinos
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is cultivated mainly for the production of fiber for the textile industry and is attacked by different insect pests, therefore it is produced with frequent pesticide applications. Research was conducted to evaluate the effect of lam…
15 Aug 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1098.1106
Research ArticleFarmers’ Perceptions, Awareness and Adoption of Improved Groundnut Varieties in Potwar Plateau of Pakistan
Khalid Mehmood, Abdul Rehman, Ammara Khan
The study emphasizes the impact assessment and identification of factors affecting the adoption of improved groundnut varieties in Pakistan. An extensive field survey was conducted during 2019 to collect the data from the farmers of Potwar Plateau of Pakistan.…
18 Sept 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1364.1376
Research ArticleEconomics of Medium Density Almond Cultivation in Kashmir Valley of Jammu and Kashmir
Masudul Haq Wani, Arshad Bhat
Through medium density almond cultivation, production of almond in world has increased many folds from 1034 MT in 1995 to 3214 MT in 2019. The contribution of India to the total almond production in 2019 was merely 2.45 per cent. However, domestic demand is in…
7 Oct 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1436.1441- Research Article
Biochemical Indices of Male Camelus dromedarius during Breeding and Non-Breeding Season under Farming System
Asim Faraz, Abdul Waheed, Nasir Ali Tauqir, Muhammad Shahid Nabeel
The current study was planned to know the effect of breeding season on blood biochemicals of dromedary male camel in Pakistan. The clinically healthy male Marecha camels (n=5) from five to ten years old were investigated in non-breeding “August” an…
13 Oct 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1485.1489 
Research ArticleANOVA or MANOVA for Correlated Traits in Agricultural Experiments
Iftikhar ud Din, Yousaf Hayat
In most of agricultural experiments, analysis of variance (ANOVA) is the widely used statistical methods for assessing the differences among the means of more than two treatments by considering single trait independently. In reality these traits are not indepe…
3 Sept 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1250.1259
Research ArticleDissecting the Heat Stress Responses and Effects on Morphology of Tomato Varieties Employing Pre-transplant High Temperature Conditioning
Gulzar Ullah, Gohar Ayub
An experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of heat pretreatment conditioning durations (control or no heat pretreatment,10 hrs,15 hrs and 20 hrs) on three tomato varieties (Roma, Rio Grande and Yaqui) sown at Horticulture Research Farm, Departmen…
1 Oct 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1384.1402
Research ArticleClimate Change, Livelihoods and Gender Dynamics of Mountainous Communities in Pakistan
Nusrat Habib
The threat and vulnerabilities related to climate change are high among the communities living in mountainous regions due to Pakistan’s limited livelihood opportunities. Climate change impact is gendered in the real sense. This study is designed to analy…
3 Sept 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1269.1279
ReviewNutritional Requirement of Olive (Olea europaea L.) in Pothwar Region of Pakistan: A Review
Muhammad Jan, Muhammad Ashraf Sumrah, Shoaib Akhtar, Inam Ul Haq, Muhammad Ramzan Anser, Iqra Yasmin
Olive (Olea europaea L.) fertilization considered as one of the important factor for production of olive fruit and oil. Keeping in view the modern fruit production physiology, nutrients serve as stimulants for cell development and fruit production. In Pakistan…
14 Sept 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1334.1341
Research ArticleMaize Growth in Response to Beneficial Microbes, Humic Acid and Farmyard Manure Application
Izaz Hussain, Ahmad Khan, Habib Akbar
The useful and safe disposal of farmyard manure (FYM) is required for avoiding the environmental pollution. However, the bulky application of FYM and slow decomposition limits its widespread application by farmers as a source of nutrients. With the objectives…
7 Oct 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1426.1435
Research ArticleDietary Influence of Fluted Pumpkin and Moringa Leaf Meal Supplementations on Blood and Egg Lipid Profile of ISA Brown Laying Birds
Sadiq Haladu, Taiwo Oladoye Akande, Mudassir Nasir
The cholesterol level in one large egg is almost equal to the recommended daily allowance of an individual. Reducing the cholesterol content of the egg will possibly encourage and increase the rate of egg consumption. The study was aimed at reducing the choles…
16 Aug 2021
Research ArticleThe Biocidal Investigation of Various Extracts of Pleurotus eryngii Cultivated on a Substrate Supplemented with Berberis lycium
Shahida Sabir, Anwar Ali Shad, Tariq Masood, Zafar Ali Shah, Nasiruddin, Yaseen Ahmad et al.
Effect of substrate supplemented with a medicinal plant (Berberis lycium L) was documented on days to 50% colonization, days to 100% colonization, yield per bag and % bio-efficacy of Pleurotus eryngii. It was found that maximum 20 and 34 days were taken by 50%…
17 Aug 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1144.1155
Research ArticleStudies on Effect of Addition of Date Pit Powder and Soy Protein Isolate on Physicochemical Properties of Date Bars
Lala Rukh, Muhammad Nadeem, Tusneem Kausar, Mian Anjum Murtaza, Muhammad Luqman, Muhammad Bilal Shahid et al.
Current study was aimed to formulate a nutritious snack bar by incorporating date pit powder (by product) and soy protein isolate in date paste. Date bars were formulated after ingredients optimization and were analyzed for physico-chemical, in-vitro starch an…
17 Aug 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1134.1143
Research ArticleAnti-Inflammatory, Antipyretic, Analgesic and Acute Toxicity Studies of Dosiflavone Using Animal Models of Inflammation and Pain
Ibadullah Jan, Iqbal Munir, Inamullah Khan, Syed Muhammad Suhail, Aqib Iqbal
The current study was designed to validate the potential and ability of a flavonoid compound (Dosiflavone), obtained from Dodonaea viscosa, as an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic along with in vivo acute toxicity in the animal model. Different tec…
29 Aug 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1201.1210- Research Article
Employment Type and Organizational Role Stress- A Relational Study in Agricultural Extension
Rupinder Kaur, Pretty Bhalla, Jubin Kumar Saini, Sayeeduzzafar Qazi
The previous literature on both public sector performance and organizational role stress is silent on various stressors associated with the role of government agricultural extension officials, which is one of the most important components of the entire agricul…
7 Sept 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1291.1297 
Research ArticleEstimation of Total Factor Productivity Growth of Agriculture Sector in Pakistan
Hina Afzal, Sarfraz Hassan, Muhammad Khalid Bashir, Asghar Ali
Most important goal of development economics and macroeconomic policies is achieving sustainable production growth. Continuous production growth is considered to be important for raising living standards. Agriculture’s Total Factor Productivity (TFP) is…
7 Sept 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1298.1305
Research ArticleRole of Extension Services in Enhancing Efficiency of Market Oriented Dairy Farmers: An Evidence from Punjab, Pakistan
Sami Ullah, Bernhard Brümmer, Umar Ijaz Ahmed
Agricultural extension programmes are the main source of disseminating technical information to farmers which enhance their skills and in turn farm productivity. Livestock sector in the main sub sector of agriculture in Pakistan that contributes nearly 60% to…
14 Sept 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1314.1322
Research ArticleManagement of Fusarium Basal Rot of Onion caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae through Desert Plants Extracts
Muhammad Madni Afzal, Shahbaz Talib Sahi, Amer Habib, Waqas Ashraf, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan, Muhammad Raheel et al.
Onion (Allium cepa L.) is a very economical and productive horticultural crop extensively cultivated worldwide. It is grown commercially throughout the country and contributes significantly to the economy of Pakistan. Onion is susceptible to many foliar, bulb…
18 Sept 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1377.1383
Research ArticleChemical Compound Identification of Two Varieties Cat of Whiskers (Orthosiphon aristatus Blume Miq) from In Vitro Culture
Fahrauk Faramayuda, Totik Sri Mariani, Elfahmi, Sukrasno
The cat’s whiskers plant (Orthosiphon aristatus Blume Miq) is empirically used in Indonesia, Malaysia, Australia, and Southern Asia as an antibacterial, antidiabetic, antihypertensive anti-inflammatory. The country of Indonesia has three varieties of O.…
18 Sept 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1355.1363- Research Article
Effects of Feeding Total Mixed Ration in the Growing and Fattening Periods on the Growth and Carcass Characteristics of Hanwoo Steers
Jong Ho Ahn, Jang Hoon Choi, In Sik Nam
Sixty Hanwoo steers of average weight and average age 6.5 months were raised until the age of 18 months (growing period, G) and from the age of 19 months to 30.85–31.52 months (fattening period, F). They were separately fed concentrate and forage (C) or…
13 Oct 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1476.1484 
Research ArticleAn Evaluation Study for Chlorophyll Estimation Techniques
Kawa A. Ali, Sazar S. Noraldeen, Arshad A. Yaseen
A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of two destructive and two nondestructive chlorophyll estimation techniques for two vegetable crops (aroma tomato Solanum lycopersicum L. and green pepper Capsicum annuum L.) in three different environm…
13 Oct 2021DOI 10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1458.1465