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Innovations and Challenges in Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Development: Bridging Traditional Methods with Emerging Technologies

Innovations and Challenges in Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Development: Bridging Traditional Methods with Emerging Technologies

Mostafa R. Zaher1,2*, Amir A. Shehata1, Azza M. El Amir2, Naglaa M. Hagag1, Reham H. Tammam3**

1Genome Research Unit, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt; 2Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; 3Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.

 
*Correspondence | Mostafa R. Zaher, Genome Research Unit, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt; Email: [email protected], Reham H. Tammam, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; Email: [email protected]

Figure 3:
Different types of RNA vaccines; UTR: untranslated regions; CSE: conserved sequence element; nsP: non-structural protein; RdRP: RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase. 
Figure 1:

FMDV genomic structure showing the 5`UTR, P1, P2, P3 and 3`UTR segments.

Figure 2:

Types of FMDV vaccines.

Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences

December

Vol. 12, Iss. 12, pp. 2301-2563

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