Avian Community Composition and Spatio-Temporal Patterns at Deva Vatala National Park, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
Avian Community Composition and Spatio-Temporal Patterns at Deva Vatala National Park, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
Muhammad Umar1, Mubashar Hussain1*, Muhammad Faheem Malik1, Muhammad Naeem Awan2 and David C. Lee3
Map of Deva Vatala National Park and the study site locations.
Monthly species richness and diversity in Deva Vatala National Park.
Monthly relative abundance of total numbers of birds (%) in Deva Vatala National Park. Total relative abundances are attached to the bars. The relative abundance of the most commonly recorded species per month are included.
Cluster analysis dendrogram of bird transect samples based on Bray-Curtis similarity values. Red dashed lines represent clusters with significant community structures using a SIMPROF analysis. Sample prefixes refer to the site, while suffixes refer to the month (e.g. ‘DMy’ = Species sample similarity from Deva in May, 2018).
nMDS ordination of samples with 70% and 80% similarity contours, and strength and direction vectors for key species displayed. Sample codes follow the nomenclature in Figure 4. Species codes: BRc, Brown rock chat; BS, Brahminy starling; CE, Cattle egret; CM, Common myna; HB, Himalayan bulbul; HC, House crow; HS, House sparrow; NHM, Northern house martin; OTd, Oriental turtle dove; RJf, Red junglefowl; RwL, Red-wattled lapwing.
