Keith Ward
Science, Religion and Culture
...and I regard it as a non-starter, if you want to give a complete explanation of the universe.
...
Mehmet Avci1, Recep Aydin1,* and Jale Metin Kiyici2
...cm) and concentrate calf starter feed and the calves in control group were supplied with natural roughage and concentrate feed separately. The calves were supplied with milk at about 8% of their birth weights and weaned at 49th day. Mixed chopped and separate natural supply of roughage and concentrate feed did not created any significant differences in live weights, daily weight gains, feed conversion ratios and behavioral characteristics of the cal...
Talat Bilal Yasoob and Nasir Ali Tauqir*
...(0-4 weeks), six broiler starter rations were formulated; a ration without NaHCO3 was served as control whereas other five rations had 0.15-0.73% NaHCO3 in the rations. In this way six dietary treatments resulted in dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) and sodium levels of 245, 262, 279, 297, 314, 331 meq/kg and 0.166, 0.206, 0.246, 0.286, 0.326, 0.336%, respectively. Protein and energy values in all broiler starter<...
Arshad Ali, Muhammad Arshadullah, Syed Ishtiaq Hyder, Imdad Ali Mahmood and Badar-uz-Zaman*
RICE PRODUCTIVITY AND SOIL HEALTH AS AFFECTED BY WHEAT RESIDUE INCORPORATION ALONG WITH NITROGEN STARTER DOSE UNDER SALT-AFFECTED SOIL
...a along with different N starter doses -1 (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg N ha ) on rice (Supper basmati) production and soil health at MK Farm, Farooqabad, district Sheikhupura under saline sodic -1 soil (ECe=5.65 dS m , pH=8.57and SAR=19.38) during 2010. Treatments were arranged in RCBD with three replications. The crop was harvested at maturity, data on tillering, plant height, spike length, number of grains -1 spike , 1000-grain weight, straw and paddy yields were re...
Asad Sultan1,*, Shahroom Khan1, Sarzamin Khan1, Naila Chand1, Muhammad Shuaib Khan2 and Hamza Maris3
...rinking water during the starter period for 21 days. Feed intake was significantly (P<0.05) lower and weight gain and dressing percentage were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the OA-2 group, resultantly, the best feed conversion ratio (FCR) was recorded in the same group. Tibia dry matter, ash, calcium (Ca) and phosphorous (P) were significantly (P<0.05) higher in OA-2. On the other hand, fecal Ca and P decreased significantly (P<0.05) in OA-2. Me...
Azmat Hayat Khan Khattak1, Abdul Wasay2, Tariq Ali1,*, Muhammad Iqbal1, Khisrao Kalim1, Mohammad Farooque Hassan3, Muhammad Mobashar2, Nazir Ahmad2, Abid Iqbal2 and Muhammad Nauman ul Islam1
...d milk at 10% LBW + calf starter ration (CSR). During 31 to 63 days, milk at 10% LBW + CSR + green fodder (GF) was fed. Then, from 64-77 days they were fed milk at 5% LBW + CSR + GF. From 78-90 days milk at 2.5% LBW + CSR + GF. Calves in groups B and C were also fed with same feeding regimen with the corresponding age adjustments. The results showed that mean feed intake in weaning age groups-A, B and C was 5.71, 4.34 and 6.02 kg, respectively. Mean weight gai...
Naila Chand1, Shamsullah1, Rafiullah1, Rifat Ullah Khan2, Muhammad Mobashar3, Shabana Naz4,*, Ebrahim Rowghani5 and Murad Ali Khan2
...ology of broilers during starter phase. A total of 180 day-old broiler chicks were distributed into 3 treatments, designated as MOS-0, MOS-50 and MOS-100 having MOS at the rate of 0, 50 and 100 g/kg respectively. Each treatment was further replicated 3 times having 10 chicks per replicate. Treatment MOS-0 was kept as control and the birds in this treatment were fed on basal ration without alteration in feed contents while the other treatments MOS-50 and MOS-10...
Sohaib Afzaal1, Usman Hameed2, Nasir Ahmad3,*, Naeem Rashid3 and Muhammad Saleem Haider1
... good quality indigenous starter cultures from them are anticipated to be employed in food industry....
Sohaib Afzaal1,4*, Usman Hameed2, Nasir Ahmad3, Klas Udekwu4, Paulina Pastuszek4 and Muhammad Saleem Haider1
...ir probiotic effects and starter culture properties. Thermostability of starter cultures is a key factor for food product development. Current study was planned to test the thermodurability of seven strains of Ln. mesenteroides using pasteurization treatments. Both types of pasteurization treatments including High Temperature Short Time (HTST) and Low Temperature Long Time (LTLT) were applied to all of the strains. On applyi...
Irfan Shahzad Sheikh, Masroor Ahmad Bajwa, Nadeem Rashid, Muhammad Zahid Mustafa, Mohammad Masood Tariq*, Majed Rafeeq, Abdul Samad, Tauseef M Asmat and Asad Ullah
...plicates. Commercial pre-starter feed, starter feed and finisher feed were offered on days 1-12, 13-25 and 26-42, respectively. Birds were vaccinated against Newcastle disease virus and infectious bursal disease. Relative lymphoid organ weights were recorded on day 42. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay was performed against Newcastle disease virus on a weekly basis, whilst a hemagglutination (HA) assay was performed to ...
Nasir Ali Tauqir1, Asim Faraz2*, Annamaria Passantino3, Muhammad Asif Shahzad1, Rana Muhammad Bilal4, Adeel Tahir1, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq2 and Abdul Waheed2
...onitrogenous broiler starter (metabolizable energy 2850 kcal/ kg; crude protein 20%) diet from day 1-21 and broiler finisher (metabolizable energy 2880 kcal/ kg; Crude protein 18%) diet from day 22-42 comprising 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12% CSL and Enzose mixture (50:50 ratio). It was that broiler fed diet B gained higher body weight (p<0.05) and exhibited lower feed conversion ratio as compared to other treatments. Birds fed diets B (CE3) also exhibited signific...
Anguara Khatun1*, Sachchidananda Das Chowdhury1, Bibek Chandra Roy2, S.M. Shafikul Gani3, Bipul Chandra Ray1, Tanvir Ahmed1
...s were corn-soya broiler starter and broiler grower diets. Starter diet was fed up to 21 days and grower diet during 22-35 days. In treatment 1, chicks were fed a basal diet (Diet 1), in treatment 2, chicks received a basal diet plus a multi-strain probiotics @100g/100kg feed (Diet 2) and in the third treatment, the basal diet was supplemented with multi-enzymes @100g/100kg feed (Diet 3). The birds were reared following iden...
Muhammad Khubaib Hameed, Muhammad Aziz ur Rahman, Muhammad Ashraf, Safdar Hassan, Muhammad Riaz, Muhammad Qamar Bilal, Fawwad Ahmad, Muhammad Sharif*
...rogenous and iso-caloric starter (CP and ME as 22% and 2850 kcal/kg, respectively) and finisher (CP and ME as 20% and 2950 kcal/kg, respectively) diets (A, B, C and D) were formulated. Diet A contained arginine level according to the NRC (1994) recommendations both in starter and finisher phase. Remaining diets (B, C and D) were supplemented with arginine as 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6% of diet, respectively. The duration of experiment...
Syed Haseeb Ahmed Shah, Irfan Shahzad Sheikh, Abdul Samad, Muhammad Kamran Taj, Mohammad Masood Tariq*, Majed Rafeeq, Sumaira Fazal, Niamatullah Kakar, Sabeera Afzal and Asadullah
...) for WG, FCR and ADG in starter, finisher and overall rearing phases. However a significant difference (P<0.05) was observed with other groups. It can be concluded from the results of this study that supplementation of antibiotics used in broiler chicks at sub-therapeutic level is beneficial for growth performance parameters....
Mirza Lena1,2, Dinda Fathia Syahramadani2, Alfi Nurrachma Gustya2, Arif Darmawan2,3, Sumiati2, Wiwin Winarsih4, Minoru Maeda5, Komang Gede Wiryawan2*
...at 109 CFU/g. At the pre-starter, the dietary combination T4 yielded lower (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratios compared to the T6 group. Broilers fed L. lactis showed higher body weight gains (p < 0.05) than those fed T5 and T6 groups. All treatments had no significant effect on broiler performance in starter, grower, cumulative periods, as well as E. coli and lactic acid bacteria populations. The combination of L. lacti...
Sepri Reski*, Maria Endo Mahata, Ridho Kurniawan Rusli
...o;s) from fruit waste as starter on performance, carcass yield and giblets percentage. A total of 100 one- d- old Arbor Acres CP 707 broilers was raised for 4 weeks of age. The birds were distributed into 5 treatments with 4 replicates in a completely randomized design. The fermented seaweed was supplemented at the level of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 % in the diets. The observed variables were live weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, percent...
Irfan Shahzad Sheikh1, Syed Haseeb Shah1, Niamatullah Kakar2*, Mohammad Masood Tariq1, Muhammad Essa Kakar3 and Muhammad Zahid Mustafa1
...ons were provided as pre-starter (days 1-12), starter (days 13 to 24) and finisher (day 25 to 42) feed. Standard broiler rearing temperature was provided in the shed. Results showed that the OXY and TP had significant (P<0.05) effect on physiology of blood parameters, mainly on hemoglobin (Hb) and erythrocytes (RBCs) in all treatment groups treated till day 42 compared with the control group. Remarkably, the AGPs showed a...
Hurriya Alzahra1, Susmiati Susmiati2*, Sri Melia3
...mized Design (CRD), with starter concentrations of 4 (A1), 5 (A2), and 6% (A3), as well as orange juice concentrations of 10 (B1), 15 (B2), and 20% (B3). The results showed that fermented milk with orange juice revealed antioxidant activity ranging from 25.04 to 37.71%, total phenol 38.32-67.20 mg GAE/gr, taste organoleptic test 3.20–4.08 (somewhat liked), aroma 3.26-3.76 (slightly liked), and texture 2.70–3.40 (rather liked). The study concluded t...
Istna Mangisah1*, Heni Rizqiati2, Nyoman Suthama1
...e performance of broiler starter. Day-old broiler chickens with an average body weight of 45.61 ± 3.46 g, a total of 160 birds, were placed evenly in 20 experimental plots. The treatment tested was the LDTE level in 100 grams of feed, LDTE0 = without LDTE, LDTE1 = 1 mL, LDTE2 = 2 mL, and LDTE3 = 3 mL. The treatment was given for 21 days, starting from d-1 until d-21. Intestinal microbial population, weights of digestive and immune organs, nutrient dige...
Muhammad Bilal Munawar1, Saima Naveed1, Shafqat Nawaz Qaisrani1, Jibran Hussain2, Shahzad Munir3, Ayesha Ahmed3, Mubbashir Hussain4, Ahmad Kamran Khan5, Abdullah Jalal6 and Irfan Ahmed7*
... with (0.30% avail. P in starter and 0.26% avail. phosphorus in grower) while four diets C, D supplemented with NC+ (500 and 750 powder phytase units (FTU)/kg) and G, H supplemented with NC+ (500 and 750 liquid phytase units (FTU)/kg) respectively. Pelleting temperature was set at 85°C during feed processing production. Blood, ileal digesta, weight of visceral organs, left tibia were sampled for the quantity of phosphorus in plasma, its digestibility and t...
M. Mansoor Javed*, M. Aslam Mirza, M. Aziz ur Rehman and M. Saif ur Rahman
...rimental formulations as starter diets (CP 22 %, ME 3000 Kcal/kg), grower diets (CP 20.5 %, ME 3075 Kcal/kg) and finisher diets (CP 19 %, ME 3150 Kcal/kg) were formed as per nutritional recommendations for Cobb-500 and assigned to 36 replicates (four replicates/treatment) employing 3×3 factorial arrangement under the completely randomized design. Each replicate had 12 birds. The trial lasted for 35 days. No effect of toasting temperature and resident tim...
Soshe Ahmed1*, Mst. Ishrat Zerin Moni1, Maksuda Begum2, Md. Jafar Eqbal3, Md. Shahidul Islam4, Mst. Samira Tanjim1, Mst. Rokeya Sultana1
... feeding system, such as starter and finisher, where appropriate. Performance parameters include feed intake (g/birds), body weight gain, average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, and viability% for growth periods (1 d to 7 d, 1 d to 14 d, 1 d to 21 d, 1 d to 28 d) were calculated. All chicks were vaccinated with live attenuated Newcastle Disease Virus LaSota strain on day 2 via eye drop vaccination, along with other basic immunization schemes. After 14 days ...
Fatma Salih Mohammed1*, Nasser Khedr1, Tahia Ahmed1, Liza S. Mohammed2
...; D2, D1 + EE-SBM (50 kg starter, 100 kg grower, and 200 kg finisher/ton); and D3, D1 + EE-SBM (100 kg starter, 150 kg grower, and 250 kg finisher/ton). The study results showed that the addition of EE-SBM to broiler diets had no significant effect on carcass traits, but pancreas weight (%) increased significantly (P < 0.05) in D3 and D1. Moreover, the jejunum diameter increased significantly (P < 0.05) in D1. The inte...
Keatisak Soisuwan1, Hatairat Plaimast2, Atichat Thongnum3, Soranot Chotnipat4, Manatsanun Nopparatmaitree4*
...e of broilers during the starter period (P < 0.05). In addition, natural multi-enzyme supplementation exhibited positive effects on the productivity index, salable bird return, net profits return per bird, return on investment, and feed cost per gain compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Likewise, supplementation of natural multiple enzyme had no effect on the viscosity of the duodenal content and cecal microbial population, of broilers (P > 0.05)...
Samin Ullah1, Huma Rizwana1, Abdul Kabir1,2*, Atique Ahmed Behan1, Muhammad Naeem1, Ghulam Shabbir Barham1, Abdul Hafeez Bukero1, Anees ur Rahman1, Naseeb Ullah1 and Shafiq ur Rahman Shah1
...e calves were fed a calf starter ration and milk for 55 days. The study found that the group C calves, which received 4 liters of colostrum, had higher body weight, average daily weight gain, and total weight gain than groups A and B. Additionally, the total feed intake, average daily feed intake, total serum protein, and serum antibody IgG levels of group C were also higher than those of groups B and A. The study also found that two calves in group A, one cal...
Muhammad Shoaib1, Muhammad Mahboob Ali Hamid1, Shafaq Amir2, Shaukat Ali Bhatti1*, Hafiz Hassan Iqbal1, Najam-us-Sahar1 and Mubsher Hussain1,3
...rgy diluted diets during starter phase in broiler chicks. However, birds of NC1L group had higher European production efficiency factor (EPEF) than other treatments. Weight gain, PER, EER and EPEF were higher (P < 0.05) in birds of NC1LB group and lower (P < 0.05) in birds of NC2 and NC2L group. However, FCR was better (P < 0.05) in birds of NC1LB and NC2 (2LB) group and birds of NC2 group had poor (P < 0.05) FCR. Villus height of ilium and villus ...
Murat Durmus* and Hasan Rüstü Kutlu
...f chicks quality and pre-starter feeding during the first five days of the feeding period on performance and carcass characteristics. After hatching, experimental chicks were divided into sex by employing 2 by 2 factorial design chick quality (low and high) and two feeding regimes as the main effects in each sex. Thus, four treatment groups (low quality on starter feed, low quality on pre-starter
Bayanda Mdoda*, Faith Machabi, Busisani Wiseman Lembede, Eliton Chivandi
.../kg and 120 mg/kg in the starter, grower and finisher diets. The broiler chicks were fed ad libitum for 6 weeks: starter (days 1-14), grower (days 15-28), and finisher (days 29-42). Induction and weekly body mass, daily feed intake (FI), and terminal body mass (TBM) were measured. Body mass gain (BMG), average daily gain (ADG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were computed. On slaughter, GIT and accessory GIT viscera organs ...
Yafang Wang1,2,3, Fugui Jiang2,3, Haijian Cheng2,3, Yifan Liu2,3, Chen Wei2,3, Ce Liu2,3 and Enliang Song1,2,3*
...days, and offered water, starter, and Chinese wildrye ad libitum for the whole trial period. The total dry matter intake of calves were similar among treatments, whereas the final body weight at 120 days (P = 0.084) and average daily gain (P = 0.025) increased with increased ASIV. There were no significant differences among treatments on body measurement indexes. Serum blood urea nitrogen levels decreased (P = 0.028) and glucose levels increased (P = 0.029) wi...
H.A. El-Nagar1, A.M. El-Hais2, M.S. Mandouh2, W.M. Wafa1*, A.H. ABD El-Aziz, K.A. Attia4
...the 1st group were fed a starter without any addition (G1, control). Animals in G2, G3, and G4 were fed the same starter supplemented with BP (10g/kg), BS oil (10g/kg), or their combination (5g Bp+5g BS oil), respectively. Results showed that all immunoglobulin types (IgG, IgM, and IgA), total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, total lipids, total cholesterol, and total antioxidant capacity in blood serum, and RBCs, WBCs, ...
Nurul Isnaini*, Dedes Amertaningtyas, Hanief Eko Sulistyo, Aulia Puspita Anugra Yekti, Faizal Andri
...cially laying hens feed (starter); T2: mixed up-fermented dried poultry waste 50% and 50% commercially laying hens feed (starter); T3: mixed up-fermented dried poultry waste 25% and 75% commercially laying hens feed (starter); T4: 100% and commercially laying hens feed (starter). A statistical analysis was conducted using analysis of variance using Proc ...
Afshan1, Asad Ullah2*, Imad Khan2, Rafiq Ullah1, Tahira Tayyab1, Fatima Syed3, Raheela Taj3, Shumaila Gul4, Faiza Khan5, Ibad Ullah Jan6, Syed Weqas Ali7 and Assad Ullah8
...oiler chickens feed with starter and finishing commercial corn based basal diet with different concentration of selenium powder. Basal diet (BD) was fed to Group A, which kept as negative control group and no dexamethasone (DE) was offered. Group B was considered as (+ve control group) fed with (BD+15mg DE/kg). The group C, was fed with (BD+0.2mg Se + 15mg DE/kg). Similarly, group D was fed with (BD+0.3mg Se+15mg DE). Group E, fed with (BD+0.4 Se+15mg/kg feed)...
Maria Endo Mahata1*, Yose Rizal1, Zurmiati1, Sepri Reski1, Indah Fitri Sakinah Limbong2, Dian Saputri2
...ce bran by 54.45% at the starter period and reduces corn up to 21% and rice bran by 50% at the grower period without interfering with their performance....
Irfan Ullah1, Asad Ullah2*, Tahira Tayyeb1, Rafiq Ullah1, Muhammad Hanif1, Faiza Khan3, Imad Khan2, Raheela Taj4, Fatima Syed4, Shumaila Gul5, Muhammad Sadeeq6, Muneeb Islam7, Arsalan Khan8 and Khudija Ghani9
...r chickens were fed with starter and finishing commercial corn based basal diet (BD) with different doses of inorganic Selenium (Se) powder. Group-A was kept negative control provided with BD twice a day. Group-B was positive control group fed with 15mg DEX/kg twice/day. The Group-C was fed with BD+0.2mgSe+15mg DEX/kg. Similarly, Group-D was fed with BD+0.3mgSe+15mgDEX. Group-E was fed with BD+0.4mgSe+15mg DEX/kg. Two chicks were randomly slaughtered from each...
Safdar Hassan1, Shaukat Ali Bhatti1, Fawwad Ahmad1, Asad Ullah Hyder1, Muhammad Arslan2, Ashar Mehfooz3, Ijaz Saleem3, Muhammad Umar Yaqoob4,5, Mushrraf Nazir1, Muhammad Sharif1*
... other groups during the starter phase. The highest feed intake (P=0.007) and body weight gain (P=0.013) were observed in Zn-70. Overall data showed that body weight gain was significantly (P=0.006) improved in all Zn-supplemented groups than in the control group. Significantly higher (P=0.027) dressing percentage and lower (P=0.028) abdominal fat rate were observed in Zn-50 than the control group. Results showed that weight of thymus and bursa were increased...
Muhammad Asif Iftikhar1, Talat Naseer Pasha2, Saima Inayat1, Khalid Javed3 and Rahman Ullah4*
... and at this temperature starter culture was added. Yogurt batch incubated at 43oC for 3 to 3.5 h. During this period pH was monitored regularly and as the pH drops to 4.6, the batch was shifted to blast chilling at 1-2oC and then stored at 4oC. Sensory evaluation of all yogurt samples was carried out on a 9-point hedonic scale. All the tests were carried out on day 0, 7, 14 and 21. The collected data was investigated through ANOVA technique under complete ran...
Evy Rossi1*, Fajar Restuhadi1, Raswen Efendi1, Yusmarini1, Rahmayuni1, Emma Riftyan1, Bisma Panca Winata2, Yolanda Ashara2, Usman Pato1
...Making yogurt requires a starter culture, which can be found in liquid or powder form in microencapsulated form. This powdered yogurt starter will be applied using back-sloping fermentation for the practicality of the yoghurt-making process. This research aimed to determine how many cycles the back-sloping fermentation using microencapsulated yogurt (MY) starter was applied and evaluate th...
Ayoola Mathew Oluwaseyi1*, Aderemi Foluke Abimbola1, Alikwe Philip2 , Tumgbulu Samuel2, Eniufuoma Augustina2
...onsisted of a commercial starter and finisher feed with ECLM added at graded levels of 0,1,2,3, and 4g/100kg, T1 with 0g ECLM served as the control. Two hundred and twenty-five Arbor acre-day-old chicks were randomly assigned to the dietary treatments each replicated thrice for eight weeks. Results revealed that average body weight gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were significantly (p<0.05) affected by ECLM while spleen and bursa ...
Rhuan Chaves1, Diego Leal2, Ygor de Paula³, Andreia Vilas Boas4, Ana Toledo4, Sígfrid López-Ferrer5, Vinicius Cantarelli3, Cesar Garbossa2*
...version ratio in the pre-starter II phase. No statistical differences were observed for the remaining performance variables. The mortality did not differ among treatments. There were no differences among treatments for any blood variable evaluated. In conclusion, the polyherbal formulation Kolin Plus™ FC successfully replaced choline chloride in weaned piglet diets without compromising the growth performance or health of nursery piglets. ...
Wiqar Ahmad1*, Sadiq Hussain2, Muhammad Sharif2 and Farmanullah Khan2
...lign: justify;">Nitrogen starter is an essential component of successful composting. Parthenium weed, being high nutrient accumulator from agricultural soils, was composted under different sources of nitrogen viz chiken manure, blood meal, soybean meal, cotton seed meal, urea, and a control to evaluate their relative effectiveness for composting starter and decomposition into a a quality mature compost. Composts treatments w...
Wenfang Lou1,2, Wenhao Wu1, Haoneng Guo1,2, Shuangshuang Xiao3,
Rifat Ullah Khan4, Xianhua Zhang 1, Guanhong Li2 and Sifa Dai 1*
Nesreen Z. Eleiwa1, Radwa A. Lela2, Eman K. Fathalla2
...een frequently used as a starter culture for fermented sausage production. Water Kefir is another valuable product that causes sausage fermentation and enhances its flavor, quality, and shelf life. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare Lactobacillus plantarum, which acts as a control group, and different concentrations of Kefir 1%, 3%, and 5% in the fermentation process of oriental sausages. The results demonstrated that including water Kefir notably ...
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