Mirza Imran Shahzad1,*, Anna Iqbal2, Farrah Ali1, Nuzhat Sial3, Muhammad Ashfaq4, Abul Hasanat5 and Azra Khanum6
...hile the second for ultrasonication treatment, before conducting antimicrobial activities. Zones of inhibition were measured by using disc diffusion method. Supernatant fraction of E. coli was positive against Sal. typhi and supernatant fraction of P. multocida was positive against E. coli, which show that antimicrobial agents were secretory in nature. Sonicated fractions were on second order to produce antimicr...
Raazia Kiran1, Alya Riaz1, Muhammad Irfan1*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir2
An overview of pre-treatment methods used for bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomasses into valuable products
...teaming or boiling, ultrasonication, and bursting, chemical methods i.e.,
solvents, acids, salts, bases, the physicochemical processes include liquid hot
water and AFEX (ammonium fibre explosion), biological methods involving whiterot/
brown-rot fungi and bacteria, and quite a few combinations thereof to
breakdown the lignocellulose into its components. Pre-treatment process changes
cellulose morphological, chemical and physi...
solvents, acids, salts, bases, the physicochemical processes include liquid hot
water and AFEX (ammonium fibre explosion), biological methods involving whiterot/
brown-rot fungi and bacteria, and quite a few combinations thereof to
breakdown the lignocellulose into its components. Pre-treatment process changes
cellulose morphological, chemical and physi...
Muhammad Usman Ahmadand Ikram-ul-Haq*
... M-1 of sonication and Emulsiflex prepared oxyrase membrane fragments, respectively for lactate as substrate.
... 
Amer Mumtaz2*, Muhammad Suhail Ibrahim1, Nouman Rashid Siddiqui2, Muhammad Naeem Safdar2, Masooma Munir2, Aqsa Qayyum2, Sahar Shibli2 and Muhammad Khalid Ibrahim3
... in food industry. Ultra-sonication, thermo sonication, man osonication and man othermosonication are used in food industries for various objectives. Sound waves produce acoustic effect and when bubble produced bursts it results in mechanical energy responsible for inactivation of the pathogenic organisms present in food by poration and DNA fragmentation...
Gul Afshan1,2,*, Soumble Zulfiqar2, Sumaira Mehboob2, Muhammad Tahir Javed Khan1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori2,*
...was purified by repeated sonications, followed by denaturation and refolding through fractional dialysis with urea. Multiple alignment with other sequences showed nucleotide variations of HCV3a E2 compared with already reported sequences. A total of 140 (11%) point mutations were found in Pakistan’s gene sequence, out of which general and specific differences were 93 (9%) and 47 (4%), respectively. The general differences usually occur in common populati...
Caner Öztürk1*, Mücahid Onay1 and Neşe Hayat Aksoy2
...d to examine the optimal sonication procedure and the protective effect of the antioxidants against sonication. Four merino rams (2–3 years old) were used for semen collection, and the ejaculates were pooled and divided into five equal aliquots. The samples were diluted with a solution having different additives at 37 °C. The first two groups contained L-Cystine as an additive (2 and 4 mM), the next two groups had ...
Soad, E. Elsayed 1, Mohammed A. Shalaby2, Ausama A. Yousef2, Abu bakr A. Agor1,
Sherouk E. Aly1
...through
ultrasonication of Montanide ISA 206 in the presence of Tween 80 as a detergent. The physical
characteristics were studied and imaged by TEM.
Results: Images showed particle size ranged from 200-400 nm instead of 1 micron of the original.
Immunological evaluation by serum neutralization test showed enhanced immunogenicity of
developed formula when compared to the conventional one. Challenge te...
Shourok E. Aly 1, Karim Zaki1, Soad E. Elsayed2, M. Elgamal2, Ausama A. Yousef1, Mohamed A. Shalaby1
...his was achieved by ultrasonication of aluminum hydroxide gel in the presence of
trehalose as dispersant and measuring different physical characters including particle size, Zeta
potential, loading capacity and imaging of adjuvant before and after formulation.
Results: Ultrasonication of aluminum hydroxide gel resulted in generation of 120-200 nm gel
structures followed by vacc...
Samantha Shiuan Erl Lee1, Nurul Huda2*, Yetti Marlida3, Eng-Keng Seow4
SYED ALI RAZA1, MUHAMMAD WASEEM MUMTAZ2*, AYOUB RASHID CH1, ABDUL WAHEED1, JAMES WILLIAM3 & MUHAMMAD ARSHAD1
...ze drying assisted ultra-sonication was adopted for extract preparation. The results showed that highest total antioxidant power of 291 ± 0.50 mg ASE/g DE was exhibited by 60% ethanolic extract which was slightly lower than antioxidant power of BHA (309.16 ± 3.90 mg ASE/g DE). The β-carotene bleaching inhibition of 87.44 ± 1.20% was computed for 60% ethanolic leaf extract being statistically non-significant from BHA (89.41 ± 2....
Nitya Salsabila, Djalal Rosyidi, Agus Susilo*
...ffect of the addition of sonication coconut shell liquid smoke at different times on the activity of water (Aw), water, fat, ash, carbohydrates by difference, and organoleptic quality (color, texture, aroma, and taste). The research material used was jerky made from duck meat with the addition of coconut shell liquid smoke and spices such as salt, coconut sugar, garlic, galangal, coriander and tamarind. The method used was a laboratory experimental method usin...
MUHAMMAD NADEEM1, MUHAMMAD WASEEM MUMTAZ1&MUHAMMAD DANISH1
... work describes the ultrasonication assisted extraction followed by comprehensive investigation of antioxidant activity and α-amylase inhibition potential of hydroethanolic leaf extracts of Vitexnegundo. Freeze drying assisted ultrasonicated extraction revealed highest level of total phenolic contents (258.29±2.52 mgGAE/g DE) and total flavonoid content (155.91±1.75 mgRE/g DE) in 60% hydro-ethanolic V. negundo leaf extract. Furthermore, tot...
Shaiqah Mohd Rus1*, Anika Z.M.R.2, Awis Sukarni Mohmad Sabere3, Mohd. Rushdi Abu Bakar4,5, Farahidah Mohamed4 and Abd Almonem Doolaanea6*
...h is below 500 nm of the sonication process, except at flow rates 144, 216 and 288 mL min-1 at 30 % power of amplitude. The droplet size was found to be smaller at a lower flow rate. The smallest droplet size was achieved at 72 mL min-1 i.e., 346.57 nm to the power of 90% of ultrasonicator amplitude. For every flow rate of 70% and 90% power of sonication, the PdI of BSO alginate nanoemulsion was less th...
