Benjamin Beit-Hallahmi
...ooked at their social origins, conscious ideals, beliefs, and psychological traits. The findings regarding religiosity have been striking. Academics, especially eminent ones, turn out to be quite irreligious. This is especially striking for academics in the United States, where a culture which is manifestly the most devout among First World nations has produced a sub-culture, which is a mirror image of itself. How can we explain the secularity of academics? Re...
Amanda Schutz
...iving the Secular Life begins with a popular assumption: life without religion is empty and meaningless. Without religion, one cannot develop a moral compass, raise decent and happy children, navigate tragedy, or cooperate effectively with others in society. Phil Zuckerman spends the remainder of the book refuting this claim. His goal is to explore “how secular people navigate their lives,” which is no small task. Throughout the book he discusses h...
Rick Repetti
...he entire process that begins with beliefs and desires and culminates in actions as an ultimately impersonal, agentless process, Buddhism is nonetheless capable of formulating the diametrical opposite of Strawson’s impossibilism and Pereboom’s hard incompatibilism, what I call possibilism or soft compatibilism, the view that free choices and actions can emerge from conditioned or unconditioned mental states, independently of whe...
Corey McCal
...enth century. The book begins with Martin Luther and his critics, proceeds through discussions of Spinoza and the English Dissenters, Voltaire and the French Enlightenment, and, finally, to Darwin’s Victorian religiosity and the German Left Hegelians (Feuerbach and Marx in particular)....
Dhananjoy Mandal 2K. Baral 3M. K. Dasgupta
Developing site-specific appropriate precision agriculture
...ercent farmers’ margins of the produce and reduction of the commission charged by the middlemen to 7-10 percent. Further, bargaining power, capacity building, optimal crop protection and produce quality were improved and the cost of cultivation has reduced at Agaram Village, Dharamapuri, Tamil Nadu of Adhiyaman Precision Farmers Association (Ramasamy 2007). Their “PA” is a fine example of community or cooperative approach to farming, which ha...
Raza Ullah1*, Qaisar Shah Safi2, Ghaffar Ali3 and Irfan Ullah3
...examine the marketing margins of the intermediaries involve in the value chain of sweet oranges of citrus group. Three villages in Bunir district are randomly selected and a total of 120 sampled respondents are selected using proportional allocation method. The findings revealed that majority of the farmers sold their orchards to the pre-harvest contractors. The most widely used marketing channel was producers selling their orchard to pre-harvest contractor wh...
Sonila Hassan, Abid Hussain*, Muhammad Azeem Khan** and Irfan Mahmood*
RURAL-URBAN RETAIL PRICES AND MARKETING MARGINS OF FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES IN PAKISTAN
...stimate the marketing margins and rural-urban price differences of fresh fruits and vegetables. A checklist and an open-ended questionnaire were developed and used to interview a total of 200 retailers (rural and urban), 100 producers, 30 commission agents and 10 transporters in July 2010. Price data were collected from rural and urban retailers in Hyderabad, Faisalabad, Peshawar, Muzaffarabad and Quetta. It was observed that the retail prices of fresh fruits ...
Sajida Taj*, Muhammad Tariq Iqbal Khan**, Mazher Abbas and Arshed Bashir***
PRICE SPREAD AND MARKETING MARGINS OF CUT ROSE IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...ructure and marketing margins of producers and other marketing intermediaries are quantified along the existing two marketing channels for cut flowers. In the first channel the main players were producers, wholesalers-cum-commission agents, retailers and consumers. In the second channel producers were directly linked with retailers. In Channel-I the highest consumer's price of Rs. 444.78 per 100 pieces of cut roses indicated that consumers have to pay more the...
Arshed Bashir*, Fatima Ahmad**, Irfan Mehmood*, Muhammad Qasim*, Mazher Abbas* and Sonila Hassan*
ECONOMICS OF RED MEAT PRODUCTION IN PUNJAB
...ws, respectively. Net margins were higher in commercial farms i.e., Rs. 19726.5 and Rs. 10513.1 for cows and buffaloes, respectively. However the net margins received by small size specialized farms for cows and buffaloes were Rs. 13796.9 and Rs. 7743.8, respectively followed by net margins of Rs. 10377.7 and Rs. 4009, received by subsistence rural farm for cows and buffaloes, respectively...
Muhammad Qasim*, Khuda Bakhsh**, Sultan Ali Tariq*, Mahmood Nasir***, Rashed Saeed**** and Muhammad Ather Mahmood****
FACTORS AFFECTING GROUNDNUT YIELD IN POTHWAR REGION OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...of farmers. The gross margins were also significantly higher at large farms. Ploughing frequency, seed rate and labor mandays have positive relationship with groundnut productivity. Therefore, the provision of improved groundnut production technologies package and improved seed to groundnut growers may enhance the productivity and area under this crop....
Muhammad Sharif1*, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz2, Muhammad Ansar3, Ijaz Ahmad4 and Syed Abdul Sadiq5
...pectively). The gross margins were highest with crop residue return under RT (Rs. 109375) followed by MT (Rs. 101800) and CT (Rs. 97840), whereas ZT without residue return gave the lowest gross margin of Rs. 7187.The study indicated that reduced tillage (chiseling) with retention of crop residue is a promising conservation tillage practicefor economical benefits and sufficient wheat yields in rainfed Pothwar, Pakistan.
... 
Wang-Dui Basang1, Tian-Wu An2, Luo-Bu Danjiu3, Yan-Bin Zhu1, Shi-Cheng He3, Xiao-Lin Luo2, Wei-Wei Ni4, Xiao Wang4, Shu-Zhu Cheng4, Jian Wang4 and Guang-Xin E4,*
...has multiple maternal origins and demonstrates high diversity within 4 geographic ecotype yak populations. In addition, the yaks exhibit some diversity based on the number of unique haplotypes within each population; however, they have not heavily and significantly diverged because all the populations share the most high-frequency haplotypes. Therefore, this study not only shows that the different ecotype populations of the Naqu yak carry high genetic diversit...
Amar Razzaq1, Abdur Rehman4*, Abdul Hassan Qureshi2, Iqbal Javed3, Raheel Saqib5 and Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal6
...) earned higher gross margins. The BCR and NPV values showed that installation of HEI systems was an economically feasible option. In addition, water productivity at modern farms was higher than those of conventional farms. Our results showed that most of the farmers using HEIs were large farmers, therefore, we suggest that policy interventions should be directed at increasing the adoption rates among small farmers. This could be done by spreading awareness am...
Mujib ur Rahman1, Munir Khan2*, Himayatullah Khan2, Malik Muhammad Shafi2 and Haidar Ali2
...cal market the profit margins of Chadar and Suit was 17% and 14% respectively. The profit margin of Chadar and Suit was 26% and 23% respectively when sold in other cities. The study concluded that due to low profit, handloom business in district Charsadda is on downfall. The study recommends that financial support, marketing management, access to technology, training and international exhibitions can play a pivotal role in making the business more profitable b...
Lichao Feng1,2, Shaoqing Zhang4, Dianyuan Chen2, Sina Adl3 and Donghui Wu1,4*
...e field and the field margins in the farmland.
...
Şükrü Önalan1*, Muhammed Arabacı1and Haşmet Çağırgan2
... colonies with smooth margins were seen in TSA medium. They were alive during native examination without movement. It was observed that morphologically all isolates were Gram (+), α-hemolytic (BA), oxidase and catalase negative and were reproduced under 21, 37 and 45 °C temperatures with 0–6.5 % NaCl salinity. As a result of the examination of biochemical properties with API Rapid ID 32 Strep test, it was observed that 2 L. garvieae isol...
MA Liman1, QI Yongxiao1, Wang Wenji2* and Zhong Qianyi3*
...product derived from red ginseng, has been reported to have therapeutic effects on some tumors, but its antiangiogenic effects in zebrafish has not been evaluated. Here we investigated the antiangiogenic of G-Rh2 using the zebrafish angiogenesis model. Morphological observations of the G-Rh2-treated wild-type embryos were performed to evaluate the toxicity of the compound. Tg(fli1-EGFP) transgenic zebrafish with fluorescent blood vessels were stu...
Muhammad Ramzan, Unsar Naeem-Ullah*, Mudssar Ali and Hasan Riaz
...h reddish brown outer margins. The biological and morphological information of Trilocha varians described in current paper will lead to proper management practices during peak reproductive period of insect to avoid pest outbreak.
Ala’audin Hakami,1AusamaA Yousif,2* Mohamed Zaki,3 Mahmoud Ismail,4,5 Ahmed Al-Ali,5 Abdu-Rahman Al-Ankari5
...ts possible molecular origins. Total DNA was extracted from
feather and blood samples from randomly selected 19 clinically-suspect
and 153 apparently-normal birds collected from 10 locally-bred and
imported Psittaciformes. Specimens were collected between 2008 and
2010. A replicase-associated protein (Rep) gene-specific PCR was used to
amplify a 603 bp region of the viral genome. PBFDV was detected in...
Saira Gul1,2, Sohail Ahmed2*, Tahir Usman1*, Khalid Khan3, Sultan Ayaz1, Saleha Gul4 and Nawab Ali5
...olates from different origins. Phylogenetic analysis of local isolates showed a close homology with the isolates from Australia, Brazil, Turkey and Japan. It was found that aged, exotic and crossbreed cattle were more susceptible to A. marginale infection in summer season compared to the younger and indigenous cattle breeds, respectively (P˂0.01). Moreover, the study revealed widespread prevalence of A. marginale in th...
Stefan Pratama Chandra1, Yoanes Maria Vianney1, Theresia Liliani Christie2, Merlyn Wongso2, Melisa Widjaja2, Deok-Chun Yang3, Se Chan Kang4, Manar Fayiz Mousa Atoum5,6 and Johan Sukweenadhi1*
...lon Pro";">Panax ginseng C.A. Mey. is one of the most well-known plants in traditional medicine that contains bioactive compounds called ginsenosides. It is widely used as raw material in many pharmaceutical industries in Indonesia. However, to supply for this purpose, they still rely on imports. PT. Kalbe Farma (through its subsidiary, PT. Bintang Toedjoe), University of Surabaya (Ubaya), and Hanbang-Bio Laborat...
Ijaz Rasool Noorka1,2*, Bilal Ahmad Khan3*, Kafeel Ahmad4, Zafar Iqbal Khan4, Muhammad Ather Nadeem3, Amer Nawaz2, Tasneem Ahmad5 and Humayun Bashir4
...eep and Goat) and two origins (Blood and Feces) were selected. Standard samples preparation methods were worker to check occurrence of the heavy rock’s metals in the forage and soil samples. The Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used to check Iron (Fe). The results revealed that Fe were found in safe limit, as per WHO. ...
Tatyana Mamontova1*, Konstantin Katkov1, Natalia Kizilova2 and Ali-Magomet Aybazov1
...re collected from 5 Dzhalginsky merino rams once a week for twelve calendar months using an artificial vagina. The lowest quality sperm was produced in the spring, high quality indicators were observed in the autumn period (semen volume: 0.96 ± 0.14 ml versus 1.42 ± 0.15 ml, P <0.05; sperm concentration (× 109 ml-1 ): 2.66 ± 0.10 versus 3.61 ± 0.11, P <0.001; total sperm (× 109): 2.56 ± 0.06 versus 5.12 &plu...
Tatyana Mamontova1*, Konstantin Katkov1, Natalia Kizilova2 and Ali-Magomet Aybazov1
...re collected from 5 Dzhalginsky merino rams once a week for twelve calendar months using an artificial vagina. The lowest quality sperm was produced in the spring, high quality indicators were observed in the autumn period (semen volume: 0.96 ± 0.14 ml versus 1.42 ± 0.15 ml, P <0.05; sperm concentration (× 109 ml-1 ): 2.66 ± 0.10 versus 3.61 ± 0.11, P <0.001; total sperm (× 109): 2.56 ± 0.06 versus 5.12 &plu...
Ouedraogo Oumar1,2, Tianhoun Denté Fidèle2,4*, Séré Modou3, Kaboré Adama2, Tamboura H. Hamidou2 and Belem Adrien Marie Gaston4
...0283) by the breeding origins of the inspected cattle. The seizures made were mainly partial seizures of lung organs (70.28%) followed by liver (17.57%), kidneys (8.10%) and heads (4.05%). Following the inspection of all the animals during the study period, the urban commune of Koudougou received a total of 1,029,600 CFA francs in slaughter fees. In addition to the considerable losses in animal protein, the financial losses linked to the seizure of organs affe...
Seun Eui Kim1,2*, Myoung-Hoon Lee1, Hye Myoung Jang2, Garam Park2, Wan-Taek Im3, Gwang Joo Jeon2,4*
...ancer activity of a rare ginsenoside compound K (CK) against various cancers has been reported, there are few studies on neuroblastoma. In this study, cell viability and cell migration assay were tested and the expression of 17 genes in related signaling pathways was analyzed to determine the potential of CK as an anticancer agent for neuroblastoma. For the study of human neuroblastoma, SK-N-MC cells were studied. IC50 values were 33.06 μM and at 40 μM a...
Reyad R. Shawish, Reda E. Hamed*, Zakaria H. Elbayoumi
...especially of natural origins, to reduce PAHs concentrations in the grilled meat products after exposure to smoking and processing techniques making it safer for human consumption.
Keywords | PAHs, Ready-to-Eat, Meat products, GC-MS, Egypt.
...
Auzair Javaid Butt, Irfan Ullah*, Shahid Ali, Khurram Nawaz Saddozai and Jahangir Khan
..., marketing costs and margins of different market functionaries of potato crop in the selected villages of district Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan in 2019. For this purpose, a total of seventy producers, twenty wholesalers and twenty retailers are randomly selected and interviewed for data collection. From the current research it can be revealed that majority of potato growers followed the same marketing channel i.e. Producer → Wholesaler → Re...
Neni Widaningsih1,2*, Budi Hartono2, Hari Dwi Utami2, Eni Siti Rohaeni3
... intended to find out margins and farmer share and marketing efficiency. The results of the study obtained that there are 4 patterns of swamp buffalo marketing channels, namely: 1) direct marketing funnel patterns, 2) one-level marketing funnel pattern, 3) two-tiered hardening funnel pattern, and 4) three-tier marketing funnel pattern. One-level marketing patterns have the highest value of marketing efficiency (Eps= 3.19) compared to two-tier marketing pattern...
Aiman Amur1*, Nasreen Memon1, Khalida Unar2 and Roshan Jamali3
...bserve the ecological margins and its habitats, host effects on the occurrence of this decisive pest. This study was steered in district Naushahro feroze of Sindh Pakistan during mango season of 2014-2015. Actually, this district is well known according to citreous fruity land Pakistan where lot of citreous fruits cultivated. The selected 2 hectors orchards per of mango field in per-taluka (five talukas) with different varieties of mango; 10 traps and lures we...
Heavy metals (HMs) are harmful and lethal at negligible levels and non-biodegradable in the typical ecosystem and constitutes animal, human and environmental hazards. They are divided into toxic metals like Lead, Cadmium, Arsenic, etc. and essential elements like copper, zinc, manganese, iron, nickel and chromium. Additionally, could be categorized into two groups based on the natural and anthropogenic sources releasing origins. Population and industrial expansion led to food contamination with HMs. Poisonous metals can be transferred from irrigation water to agricultural soils, agricultural operations, air pollution, animal feed, and packaging materials. Toxic metals are non-biodegradable, non-thermos degradable, and exceedingly stable in the ecosystem; as a result, they quickly build in various foods. Metal pollution of many foods, including agricultural commodities, and animal protein sources such as fish, milk, meat, and eggs, poses a hazard to food safety and security. Toxic metal pollution of irrigation water, agricultural soils, plants, and animals result in their integration into the food chain, posing a health hazard to humans. Most metals are harmful to animals and humans and accumulate in several organs like the skeleton, hepatic tissue, spleen, and renal tissues. Metals have a deleterious impact on the production of plants and animals. As a result, several remediation strategies have become necessary to limit the hazardous HMs pathway into the food chain and the human body. Metal nanoparticles are employed in beneficial applications, although they are associated with specific hazards.
Keywords | Food contamination, Heavy metals, Nanoparticles, Pollution sources, Remedy, Soil contamination
...nic sources releasing origins. Population and industrial expansion led to food contamination with HMs. Poisonous metals can be transferred from irrigation water to agricultural soils, agricultural operations, air pollution, animal feed, and packaging materials. Toxic metals are non-biodegradable, non-thermos degradable, and exceedingly stable in the ecosystem; as a result, they quickly build in various foods. Metal pollution of many foods, including agricultur...
Winda Sartika1*, Budi Hartono2, Hari Dwi Utami2, Lilik Eka Radiati2
...chain involved; supply begins with the provision of beef raw materials in terms of information flow, financial flow, and product flow. Vertical collaboration from rendang raw material suppliers strengthens the supply chain network to distribute rendang products to the end consumers. The supply of rendang raw materials starts from breeders, collectors, wholesalers, and retailers to the rendang processing industry. The rendang industry’s beef price is IDR ...
Wafa Akram1, Shahan Azeem2, Shafqat Shabir1, Haroon Akbar1*, Warda Gill3 and Muhammad Imran Rashid1*
...eishmania from humans origins suggesting the need for screening of animals before transporting, and of humans before taking care of captive animals, in order to prevent transboundary spread of Leishmania....
Rizk, Sonia A.; El-garf, Eman M. and Talaat, Abeer A.
Sonia, A.M.; El. Sanousi, A.A.; Saber, M.M.; Daoud, A.M.; Samira, E.K.; and Ismail I.
Sahar, A. Youssef t ; M.M.A. Al-Dhaher 2 and A.A. Shalaby
...normal, brittle, with margins rolled downwards and yellowish, which identified as Grapevine leaf roll-associated virus-I (GLRaV-l). Other symptoms observed on infected leaves were, malformation with abnomal gathered primary veins, giving the leaf the appearance of an open fan, including yellowing and mosaic pattern or bright yellow bands along major veins. Fan-shaped leaves may or may not be present with mosaic or vein banding symptoms which identified as Grap...
Noor A. Namaa*, Hayder A.N. Al-Zamely
Shabana Mangi1, Waheed Ali Panhwar1, Abdul Manan Shaikh1, G. Sarwar Solangi2, Khalid Hussain Rind3, Nazir Ahmed Abro4, Zaibun-nisa Memon1, Gul Hafeeza Lund1 and Paras Somroo1
...htly bigonal, lateral margins with golden hairs, median lobe of parameres broad at base, rapidly narrowing apically, hairs like structure view from the ventral aspects. The instant discovery will help the growers and technical personals to identify the instant species easily and its identification will help in these control of the referred species. Further studies are suggested to explore its nature of damage....
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari, Ghulam Ali Bajwa and Miskeen Ali
...of their geographical origins and sprouting behaviour. Heritability combined with genetic advance showed both additive gene action and intra- and inter allelic interactions in the expressions of the traits. Based on these findings, it is recommended that for improving leaf yield, growth traits which have significant positive effect on leaf yield, such as, TSL, longest shoot length and NB should be considered for mulberry breeding programme. The breeding progra...
Muhammad Afzal, Aqeela Mobeen Akhtar and M. Mahboob-ur-Rahman
...bruary the temperature begins to rise; springtime weather continues until mid-April, when the summer heat sets in. The spring monsoon has either skipped over the area or has caused it to rain so hard that floods have resulted. June and July are oppressively hot. Although official estimates rarely place the temperature above 46oC, newspaper sources claim that it reaches 51oC and regularly carry reports about people who have succumbed to th...
Mian Muhammad Shafiq
...ements from different origins has ensured a diverse and interesting flora and fauna....
Udo Schickhoff Dr.
...and along the
forest margins....
Lei Chu1, Jie Yang2, Zhenshi Chen2, Xiajun Zhang1, Weidong Wu3*, Shaoru Zhang2 and Lihui Wang2*
Camilo Romero Núñez1, Laura Miranda Contreras1, Rafael Heredia Cárdenas1, Ariadna Flores Ortega2*, Linda Guiliana Bautista Gómez3
...nical conditions, and origins, representing 31 out of the 32 states of the Mexican Republic, were included. Toxocara presence was assessed using the direct smear technique and Faust centrifugation-flotation with a 33% saturated solution of zinc sulfate. The overall prevalence of Toxocara was 33.09%. A significant association was observed (Chi2= 73.22, p= 0.0001) between age and positivity for this nematode. Access to the outdoors exhibited a strong association...
Aya Salah Eldin Mohamed1*, Gamal E. Shams1, Gihan G. Moustafa2, Reda M. Abd El-Aziz3
...le mitigating effects of ginseng and vitamin D against citalopram-induced testicular toxicity and damage in male rats. Thus, 42 adult male rats were randomly, and blindly divided into 7 groups equally: control (G1, received 0.2ml saline/rat/day), citalopram (G2, received 1.8 mg/kg b.wt), ginseng (G3, received 18 mg/kg b.wt), vitamin D (G4, received 0.01mg/kg b.wt), citalopram plus ginseng ...
Shimaa R. Hamam, Reham A. El-shafei, Nani N. Abdelaziz, Magdy S. Amer
...the potential effects of ginseng or sandalwood, as a natural remedy, on the previously documented negative effects of ibuprofen on male fertility. For this study, twenty-four male were employed. Four groups of six rats each were used: the control group received no medication, while the other three groups received oral doses of ibuprofen (40 mg/kg/day), ginseng (500 mg/kg b.wt/day) with ibuprofen (40 mg/kg/day), and sandalwoo...
Khaled A. El-Dougdoug1, Wael S. El-Araby2* and Rehab A. Dawoud3
...cing the evolutionary origins of various plant virus lineages all the way back to the first genetic mobile components. We investigate the role of horizontal viral transfer from invertebrates to plants during terrestrialization, which was enabled by strong ecological linkages. The intimate evolution of invertebrates and plants permitted these relationships. We hope that plant biologists and virologists will be interested in the evolving big picture of the plant...
Wirokartiko Satyawardana1,4, Umi Cahyaningsih2*, Fadjar Satrija2, Safika Safika3, Arifin Budiman Nugraha2
...ships between several origins, including Babesia canis vogeli from Taiwan (JN717134), India (MN700646), and Brazil (MN823219), Hepatozoon canis from Uruguay (OR814232), Anaplasma platys from Egypt (MN227688), as well as Ehrlichia canis from Italy (GQ857078), Israel (U26740), the Philippines (JN121380), India (MK281328), America (MH620196), Brazil (EF195135), and Egypt (MG564254). This implies that parasites and rickettsia may have originated from a common ance...
