B. Ramanujam, R. D. Prasad, S. Sriram and R. Rangeswaran
Mass production, formulation, quality control and delivery of Trichoderma for plant disease management
... and rice are treated by dipping the roots in Trichoderma suspensions before planting. Granular or pellets preparations and Trichoderma enriched FYM have been used for soil application directly and have provided effective control of diseases both nurseries and field conditions. To ensure that the products of Trichoderma do not affect the environment, human beings and other living organisms adversely and to prevent the sale of poor quality products to the farme...
Sohail Ahmed, Muhammad Arshad and Babar Hassan*
... applied by brushing and dipping on wooden stakes which were exposed to termites’ for a period of 4 weeks in the field. Weight loss before and after resin treatment was indicative of effectiveness. Highest concentration of all resins significantly reduced the chances of termites’ infestation as compared to other concentrations by dipping application in contrast to coating method. Drying of woods prior to resin ap...
Fazal Ullah1*, Muhammad Sajid1, Syeda Leeda Gul2, Bibi Zainub1 and Maaz Khan1
...o factors i.e. hot water dipping times (0, 5, 10, and 15 Minutes) and storage durations (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 Days). Hot water dipping times significantly affected the quality parameters of Sherkhana-I sweet orange fruits. The fruits of sweet orange having hot water dipping time of 15 minutes showed the maximum fruit juice content (51.07%), volume (141.94 ml), firmness (2.41 Kg.cm-2), acid...
Mahboob Ali1, Muhammad Avais1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Memoona Chaudhary2, Riaz Hussain3, Amjad Islam Aqib1, Naimat Ullah Khan4, Muhammad Luqman Sohail5,*, Madiha Khan6, Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Mehtab Ahmad7, Muhammad Sajid Hasni2, Imran Qaiser8, Ghazanfar Rashid1, Ikramul Haq1 and Ikramullah Khan8
... older age, lack of teat dipping and higher parity number with S. aureus subclinical mastitis. This study highlights the effect of agro-climatic conditions on S. aureus subclinical mastitis which is instrumental when devising strategies for effective disease control according to the climatic conditions of the area.
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Muhammad Aslam Rajput1,3, Imtiaz Ahmed Khan2, Rehana Naz Syed3 and Abdul Mubeen Lodhi3*
...oculation methods, i.e., dipping, paste, wound+paste, soil infestation, spraying and injection methods for the establishment of smut disease. It appears that disease expression was significantly influenced by pathogen inoculation method. The infection caused by S. scitamineum and subsequent whip smut development has also been greatly varied with the inoculation method. Injection method followed by wound+paste method and dipping<...
Saleh S. Alhewairini1,* and Mahmoud M. Al-Azzazy1,2
...reatment) whereas in the dipping treatment, the mortality was 60% and 70% for H. dromedarii and H. impeltatum at 14,000 ppm of Huwa-San TR50. Huwa-San TR50 was found to be moderately effective in killing both tick species. Therefore, it can be used to develop a new and safe strategy for controlling ticks, so as to produce dairy and meat products with minimal residual contamination.
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Ailing Huang, Lingyu Meng, Wei Zhang, Junyan Liu, Guangyao Li, Huihua Tan, Wen Lu and Xialin Zheng*
...re tested using the leaf-dipping method. Meanwhile, effects of these pesticides on detoxifying and protective enzymes in P. flammans larvae were also measured. Results showed that the LC50 value of beta-cypermethrin, abamectin, chlorpyrifos, thiamethoxam and bisultap against P. flammans larvae were related to the instar and pesticide. Control efficacy of beta-cypermethrin was the best among of these pesticides, and the LC50 ...
Aliya Ayaz, Gohar Ayub, Maqsood Khan* and Syed Aizaz Ali Shah
...actor B was comprised of dipping durations i.e. 0, 6, 12, and 18 hours respectively. Gibberellic acid concentrations and dipping durations had significant effect on the growth and yield of bitter gourd. Gibberellic acid concentration at @ 60 mgL-1 significantly reduced days to emergence and days to first flower, while increased germination percentage, number of fruits plant-1, fruit length, fruit weight, plant height, yield ...
Asghar Khan1,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Arfan Yousaf2, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Mamoona Chaudhry1, Mumtaz Ali Khan3, Habibunnabi4 and Amjad Khan5
...der preparation and teat dipping) and bio-security (source of animal, feed sharing, manure removal and de-worming) factors were identified as potential risk factors (OR>1; P-Value<0.05). An increasing trend of prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis was observed considering previous studies from Pakistan. It can be concluded that the health, management and bio-security measures are under satisfactory level. To control the epidemic trend of sub-clinical masti...
Evrim Sönmez
...eeds were evaluated with dipping and spraying method. It was found that as the concentration of B. bassiana, which was applied at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.4% increased, the mortality rates on the adults of the pest increased and the number of eggs they laid and the number of adults emerging from bean seeds decreased. It can be said that different doses of B. bassiana are quite effective on the mortality rates of A. obtectus adults, the number of eggs...
El-Kholy, K.H.1*, Tag El-Din H.1, Seham N.E. Seleem1, A.M. El-Shhat2
...-align: justify;">In-ovo dipping with exogenous materials, such as sugarcane vinegar (SV) solution, throughout incubation of duck’s eggs could be a technique to boost hatchability and ducklings’ quality. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of in-ovo dipping of SV on the hatchability%, embryonic mortality, and internal and external of newly hatched ducklings. A total of 1560 fertile eggs...
El-Kholy KH1*, Tag El-Din H1, Seham NE Seleem1, Eman Hussein2 AM El-Shhat2
...ly, at four-time of eggs dipping: at day 10th (T10), day 17th (T17), day 24th (T24) and day 31st of incubation (T31) totaling twenty groups with three replicates of (26 eggs of each). The results showed that ducklings from eggs dipped at SV had significant (P<0.05) better body weight than ducklings hatched from the control and sham groups. The heterophil to lymphocytes ratio (H/L) was significantly (P≤0.01) lower for Sudani ducklings in SV4- group ×...
Zohair S. Mulla1*, Mostafa M. Abdelhafeez2
...loads was recorded after dipping of the formulated ground beef as meat balls in the acid solutions, particularly at the acid cocktail 2%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report isolation and identification of shiga toxin producing E. coli from retailed meat products in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
Keywords | Ground beef, Sausage, Burger, Microbial status, E. coli, Organic acids
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Kanwal Hanif1, Dilbar Hussain1, Qurban Ali1, Asad Aslam1*, Tamsila Nazir1, Muhammad Saleem1, Muhammad Faheem Akhtar1, Muhammad Zubair2, Najuf Awais Anjum3 and Muhammad Umar Qasim1
...cards to insecticides by dipping them in insecticide solution for 10 seconds while adult survival was investigated through dipped surface residue bioassay method. The results revealed that new chemistry insecticides viz., Flubendiamide, Flonicamid and Chlorantraniliprole were comparatively safer to egg parasitiod followed by Chlorantraniliprole while Nitenpyram and Pyriproxyfen was found toxic to Trichogramma. Flubendiamide, Chlorantraniliprole and Flonicamidw...
Sehrish Akram1, Abida Butt1* and Shakil Ahmad Khan2
...orm. For treatment, leaf-dipping method was used and toxicity calculated after 48h exposure to the treatment. Both chemicals showed high toxicity against all instars of silkworm. However, results indicated that imidacloprid was more toxic for silkworm larvae compared to lead. The acute toxicity of imidacloprid formulation (IMF), imidacloprid technical grade (IMT) and Pb showed positive correlation with the concentration and negative with the age of larvae. Fro...
Asim Faraz1, Amal AlKharusi2, Nasir Ali Tauqir3, Muhammad Shahid Nabeel4, Syeda Maryam Hussain5, Abdul Waheed1*, Muhammad Arslan Akbar6
... vaccination, deworming, dipping, spraying, hoof trimming, shearing, breeding, lab screening and weather management were practiced to increase the fertility and decrease the mortality percentage. Average birth weight was improved from 3.5 to 3.6, 4, 4.4 and 4.5 kg in 2014-15, 2015-16, 2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19, respectively due to these adopted practices. Average weaning weight was improved from 27 to 28, 30, 32 and 33 kg in 2014-15, 2s015-16, 2016-ddddd17,...
Rizqan*, Hilda Susanty, Linda Suhartati, Azhar, Arief, Elly Roza
...o replace synthetic teat dipping solutions in order to prevent mastitis occurrences. One such natural compound is eco-enzyme, which can be extracted from citrus fruit peels, waste materials, and other sources. The objective of this research was to prepare an eco-enzyme using citrus fruit peel (Citrus reticulata) and analyze its organoleptic properties as well as its inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli pathogens. Eco-enzyme was...
Saiful Islam1*, Muhammad Zubair Khan1 and Haroon Khan2
...the outlets and culverts dipping its flow. In this apprehension a research study was conducted to investigate the effects of hydrophytes on canal capacity and at the outlets on the performance of the secondary canal known as Yar Hussain Minor (YHM) of Maira branch canal; part of the upper Swat canal irrigation system in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan. Maira branch canal and its secondary canals were designed for crop based irrigation operation (C...
Qais Abdulrahman M. Al-Jaghifi, Zina Saab Khudhir*
... bacterial counts before dipping meat samples in 2% chitosan solution showed initial counts of 5-6 log10 CFU/g. After treatment at both ambient and refrigeration (4ºC) temperatures for 4 hours, counts were reduced to 2-3 log10 CFU/g. The number of MRSA isolated from frozen meat decreased significantly more when treated with 2% chitosan at refrigeration temperature compared to ambient temperature. The antibacterial activity was also evaluated by measuring ...
Faheem Ali* and Amjad Farooq
... using the entomological dipping method and identified in the laboratory. The results showed mean (±SD) temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity during 2014-2016 ranged 12.88-35.43oC, -0.33-87.43mm, and 36.17-72.17%, respectively. Likewise, maximum Aedes larvae were found during the month of November, with 348.67 Aedes larvae from indoor while 71.67 from outdoor. The emergence of Aedes larvae was found after rainy season while decline trend was obse...
