Vol. 5, Iss. 1

The discovery of phytoplasmas: A historical reminiscence of success and failure

Karl Maramorosch

Described as virus diseases are now known to be caused by phytoplasmas and spiroplasmas. Earlier attempts to concentrate, purify and visualize by electron microscopy the presumptive viruses have failed. Causative agents of yellows-type plant diseases were clas…

HepG2 Cell Culture Infection by Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 4: Viral Proteins and RNA

El-Tabakh, SAA l, Abdel Wahab, KSE, Badr, Helal

Genotype 4 hepatitis C virus (HCV) in viremic serum was used for experimental infection of a human hepatoma cell line (HepG2) at a multiplicity of infection (MOL) of one genome copy per 103 cells. Stock HepG2 cell cultures were grown in Dulbecco modified minim…

Medicinal Plants Used in the traditional Treatment of Several Viral Diseases in Bangladesh

Mazharul A. M, Md. S. Sarwar, M. Nurullah, Keshab K. Adhikary I, M. Rahmatullah

Viral fevers, measles, chicken pox, and rabies are fairly common occurrences throughout Bangladesh. Since the population of the country is predominantly rural without proper access to modern medical facilities, they rely on traditional medical practitiofiers (…

Study on the Infection of Zoo Birds by Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus

Arafa, El-Kanawaty, Hassan, M.K, Anwar, H.K et al.

From February to June 2006 an epidemic of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus Of subtype H5N1 affected all commercial poultry sectors as well as rural and backyard level in Egypt. This outbreak also was extended to include the zoo birds In Giza zoo.…

WHO Global Influenza Program Surveillance and Network, 2005; (www.oie.int). Outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (Al) H5N1 in poultry in Egypt 2006

Madbouly, H.M, Orkhan, M.H, Nagwa El-khoty

Avian influenza outbreak was firstly appeared in poultry reared in backyards or roofs of homes in Qaluobia & Giza governorates as many notifications were received by the General Organization of Veterinary Services (GOVSs) in February 2006. The disease was…

Comparative Molecular Analysis of Isolated Strains of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 during 2006 and 2007

Madbouly, H.M, Orkhan, M.H, Nagwa El-khoty

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (Al) H5N1 strains have been isolated during February 2006 from infected chicken located at El-Qanater El-Khiria center, Qaluobia, Eypt. These isolates were molecularly characterized and compared with those H5Nl strains is…

Avian Influenza H7 Surveillance on Backyard Birds around El-Abassa Lake in Egypt, 2007

Arafa, Kanawaty, Abdclwhab. E. M, Hassan, M.K, Aly M.M

Since Egypt in the main fly-way of migratory birds, so there is permanent risk of the transmission of emerging transboundary diseases, in particular Avian Influenza, from European and Asian countries to Egypt. Moreover, absence of biosecurity measures in backy…

Detection and Characterization of Malignant Catarrhal Fever Virus in Cattle, Sheep and Deer using Real Time PCR

El-Tarabili M. M, El-Shahidy M. S, Rifaat M. M, Kania S. A, Abdelwahab Shahira A

Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF) is one of the most important viral diseases of deer and bison, also cattle and goat can be infected. The MCF is caused by gammaherpes viruses, genus rhadinovirus; which includes a group of viruses including ovine herpesvirus-2 (…

Isolation and Antigenic and Molecular Characterization of G10 of Group A Rotavirus in Camel

Eman, Abo Hatab, Hussein, El-Sabagh IM, Saber

We are here reporting the successful Isolation and characterization of GIO serotype of group A rotaviruses from fecal samples collected from camel farms suffering from diarrhea in Alexandria and Esmalia governorates. After preparation of fecal samples and inoc…

Isolation and Characterization of PI-3 Virus from Sheep and Goats

JEHAN A. M. GAFER.' HUSSEIN, H.A, REDA I.M

225 nasal swab samples were collected from diseased sheep and goats for the isolation of PI-3 virus. The samples were taken from diseased animal at seven different Governorates Kaffer el sheikh, Alexandria, EL Behaira, Port Said, Demiatta El-Qalubia and Giza t…

Synthesis of the Bovine Rotavirus Major Neutralization Antigen (VP7) Using A Baculovirus Expression System

El-Sabagh, I.M, Hussein, H.A, Amer, H.M et al.

The present study reports the successful production of the major neutralization antigen (VP7) of bovine romvirus Nebraska calf diarrhea virus (NCDV) strain in insect cells. The full-length DNA copies of RNA segment 9 (coding for VP7 protein) of NCDV was insert…

Effect of Silnultaneous Vaccination with the Bivalent Foot and Mouth Vaccine and Bovine Ephemeral Fever Vaccine on the Immune Response OF Cattle

Attyat, M. Kotb, Abeer, E. Mansour, Naglaa, I. Aly et al.

The present study was aimed to evaluate the vaccination of cattle against bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) and bivalent foot and mouth disease (FMD) strain O and strain A. so fifteen calves, six month old, were vaccinated singly and simultaneously and two calves w…

Immune Response to a Live Attenuated Chicken Anemia Virus (CAV) Vaccine. The Absence of Virus Shedding

Hanan M.M. Elzahed, Abd EL-Moneim A.A, Afaf A. Khedr, Elham A. Elabiare, Waleed S. Abd El-Latif, Reda M.I

An assessment of the performance of a live attenuated (CAV) vaccine following administration to broiler breeder hens in eight houses at Il weeks of age.  Antibodies to (CAV) in adult hens and maternally derived antibodies to (CAV) in progeny chicks were a…

Re-Emergence of Very Virulent IBDV in Egypt

Ashraf M. Metwally, Ausama A. Yousif*k, Iman B. Walaa A. Attia M. Samy, Ismail M. Reda

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) serotype 1 viruses continue to cause major economic losses in the Egyptian poultry industry despite the implementation of intensive vaccination programs. A recent increase in IBD related mortality in vaccinated farms prompted th…

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Inactivated Rift Valley Fever Virus Vaccine

Eman, M. M. Soliman, Taha, M. M, El-Sanousi A, Shalaby M. S. Wasscl et al.

In this study, 5 batches of inactivated rift valley fever (RVF) virus vaccine (ZH501) were evaluated according to Office Internationale Epizooties (OIE) RVF evaluation protocol. The tested batches proved to be sterile and safe when inoculated subcutaneously (S…

Cloning and Sequencing of a cDNA Encoding the Coat Protein of an Egyptian Isolate of Pepper Mild Mottle Virus

S.A. Sidaros, S.A. El-Kewey, Hala A. Amin, Eman A.H. Khatab, A.A. Emeran l, Samaa Abd El-Khalilk et al.

A Tobamovirus isolated from pepper plants grown in Egypt has been characterized. Pepper mild mottle Tobamovirus (PMMoV) was isolated from naturally infected pepper plants grown in Kafr El-sheikh Governorate. RT-PCR using a specific non:åegenerate primer…

Differentiation among Three Egyptian Isolates of Citrus Psorosis Virus

El-Dougdoug, Kh.A. t, S.A. Ghaza, A.A. Mousa, H. Fahmyj, A.R. sofy

 Three Egyptian isolates of Citrus psorosis virus (CPsV-EG), namely ARC, TB and TN were obtained from citrus cvs. Grapefruit, Balady and Navel, respectively. These isolates Were differed in some of their external symptoms. The CPsV-EG isolates were detect…

Elimination of Grapevine Fan Leaf Virus (GFLV) and Rapevine Leaf Roll-Associated Virus-1 (GLRaV-1) from Infected Grapevine Plants using Meristem Tip Culture

Sahar, A. Youssef t, M.M.A. Al-Dhaher, A.A. Shalaby

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Thompson seedless) was found to be infected with viral diseases showing thicker leaves than normal, brittle, with margins rolled downwards and yellowish, which identified as Grapevine leaf roll-associated virus-I (GLRaV-l). Oth…

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Single-Step Multiplex Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (m-RT-PCR) for Simultaneous Detection of Five RNA Viruses Affecting Stone Fruit Trees

Sahar A. Youssef I, A. A. Shalaby

A single-step multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (m-RTPCR) was developed for the simultaneous detection and discrimination among five RNA viruses namely ,4pple cholorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), Prune dwarf virus (PDV), Prunus necrotic…

Evaluation of Hematological and Biochemical Changes observed in HCV Patients with Different Level of Viremia

Fadia M. Attia, Hanaa H. A. Gomaa

HCV viremic status is associated with many hematological and biochemical, immunological abnormalities in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Aim of the study: to describe different patterns of changes accompanying viremic status in HCV chronic liver diseases. 5…

Possible Causes of Re-Emerging outbreaks of H5N1 Avian Influenza virus in Vaccinated Chickens in Sharkia Governorate In Egypt

Hussein, sultan, HA. Al Deeb AH, AA. El-Sanousi

Re-emerging of H5Nl severe outbreaks in vaccinaied chickens housed in poultry farms in Sharkia governorate in Egypt was observed starting from October 2007 and continued for 3 months until control measures have been taken in such farms. besides multiple vaccin…

Preparation and Evaluation of Inactivated Oil Emulsion Avian Influenza H5N2 Virus Vaccine for the First Time in Egypt

Abd Elwanis, N.D, Abou El Khair, M.A, Afaf H. Amin, Azab et al.

A Whole virus inactivated oil emulsion vaccine has been prepared from the low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) virus A/Turky/CA/209092/02, H5N2 for the first time in Egypt. Virus strain from which the vaccine seed virus has been prepared was derived from the…

Isolation of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus from Calves using Rabbits and Comparative Detection of both Viral Antigen and Antibody for BVDV Genotypes I & II in Experimentally Inoculated Rabbits

Ahmed Abd El Samie Hassan Ali

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a world wide pathogen infects a wide variety of ruminants. A random 42 field pooled calf samples were collected and inoculated simultaneously intranasal, oral and intraperitoneal into 6 New Zeeland rabbits. The rabbits wer…

Comparative Molecular Studies on Different Isolates of IBR Virus

Hassanein, S.A, Ibrahim, A.K, Mervat, M.M et al.

Reference strains and field isolates of herpesviruses recovered from cattle, sheep and goat in Egypt were compared by virus neutralization, (VN), Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Antigenic co…

The Immune Response of Different Farm Animals Vaccinated with Bivalent FMD Vaccine

Abeer, E.Mansour, Hegazi, A.Z

Cellular and humoral immune responses to bivalent FMD vaccine were estimated in vaccinated cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats and camels. Five animals of each species were vaccinated using a dose of I ml for sheep and goats and 2 ml for cattle, buffaloes and came…

Baculovirus Expression of the Bovine Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Protein in Spodopetra Frugiperda Insect Cells

Amer, H.M, Hussein, H. A, El-Sabagh, I. M et al.

In the current study, cloning and expression of the bovine coronavirus (BCV) nucleocapsid protein was carried out in a baculovirus expression system. The specific RT-PCR product of N gene was cut and extracted from gel using DNA gel extraction kit (Millipore).…

Preparation and Evaluation of Inactivated Oil Emulsion Vaccine Against Swollen Head Syndrome in Chickens

Hala M. El-Makaky*•, Sherif, N.A, Fekria El-Bordiny, Taha, M.M

In the present study, inactivated single swollen head syndrome oil emulsion vaccine (SHSV) was prepared and evaluated. SHSV was successfully propagated on the yolk sac of 5-7 days of SPF embryonated chicken eggs. The virus was harvested 48-72 hours post inocul…

Studies on the Preparation of an Improved Foot and Mouth Disease oil vaccine

Sonia, A.M, El. Sanousi, A.A, Saber, M.M et al.

This study has been pursued as a trial for preparation and evaluation of an improved Foot and Mouth disease oil vaccine by using four different adjuvants which are: Montanide ISA 206, Quil A saponine, Ginseng extract and Montanide IMS 3015. These vaccines were…

Preparation and Evaluation of Lumpy Skin Disease Hvperimmune Serum Coniugated with Fluorescein

Abdel Razek, B.Omar, Magda M.Sayed

Hyperimmune serum against lumpy skin disease virus(LSDV) was prepared by inoculation of the virus in successive doses into susceptible two calves with complete and incomplete Freund’s adjuvant. Identity tests were applied by agar gel precipitation test (…

The Immune Response of Goats to Concomitant Vaccination with Live Peste Des Petits Ruminants (PPR) and Inactivated Bivalent Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) Vaccines

Laila, A. Sedeek, Fatma, S. Mohamed, Manal Abo El-Yazyed

The present work was designed to investigate the immune response of goats to the concomitant immunization with PPR and bivalent FMD (type A and O) vaccines. The study included four groups of local breed goats, where the first received modified live PPR virus v…

Some Factors Affecting Immune Response of Sheep Vaccinated with Bivalent Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccine

M.A. Farag, Abeer, E. Mansour, s.M

The effect of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection and Aflatoxine BI (AFBI) on the immune response of sheep vaccinated with bivalent Foot and mouth disease (FMD) vaccine were studied. Significant decrease in humoral immune response against the vaccine…

Evaluation of Simultaneous Vaccination against Brucella and Rift Valley Fever Diseases in Sheep

Afaf, A. Khedr, Hyam Farouk, Taradi, A.Said

Brucellosis and Rift valley fever are major diseases affecting sheep flocks where they cause substantial economic losses in sheep and goats flocks. This study was planned to experimental evaluation of simultaneous vaccination against Brucella and attenuated RV…

Study on Infectious Bursal Disease (GUMBORO) in Quails

Abou zead, A.A, Ali, A.A.H, Abd El Hkeem M.M

Eighty migratory quails from EL-Areesh coast were trapped. Out of them, 18 quails (22.5%) were diseased and suffering mainly from digestive disorders. Mortality rate, as well as the characteristic clinical signs, , post mortem lesions and histopathological cha…

Evaluation of Some Therapies to Eliminate Potato Y Potyvirus from Potato Plants

Sabry Y. M. Mahmoud, Maher H. Hosseny, Mamdouh H. Abdel-Ghaffar

Viral infection of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants is very important due to their effect on potato yield and degeneration of seed tubers. This study aimed to eliminate potato virus Y (PVY) by tissue culture technique using different therapies, such as the…

Pathological and Virological Studies on Bovine Ephemeral Fever

Eman, M. Abd El-Mottaleb, Ahmed, S.A.", Maysa, H.M et al.

The current study submitted in four Egyptian governorates Damietta, Menofia, Fayoum and sharkia. Samples were collected in summer 2006 from dairy cattle showing signs suspected bovine ephemeral fever (BEF). Blood samples on anti-coagulant, nasal swabs and tiss…

Vaccination Trial in Cattle using Mp12 Live Attenuated Rift Valley Fever Virus

Manva F.M. Abdel Monem, Gihan K. Mohammed, Sami A.M, Saber M.S

The present study was aimed to evaluate the live mutagenized RVF-MP12 vaccine in 4 months old calves. The used dose was 5 log10 TCID5Janimal. The safety and potency of the vaccine was followed up as well as the duration of the immunity by ELISA and SNT through…