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Urbanization Favors Some Over Others: Bird Diversity Pattern in the Suburban-Urban Gradient of Butwal City, Central Lowland of Nepal

Urbanization Favors Some Over Others: Bird Diversity Pattern in the Suburban-Urban Gradient of Butwal City, Central Lowland of Nepal

Bibek Aryal, Naresh Pandey and Laxman Khanal*

Central Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.

 
Corresponding author: Laxman Khanal
lkhanal@cdztu.edu.np

Figure 1:

Map of the study area. (a) Map of Nepal showing Rupandehi District; (b) Map of Rupandehi District showing Butwal Sub-Metropolitan City; and, (c) Land-use-land-cover map of Butwal Sub-Metropolitan City with point count stations for the bird survey.

Figure 2:

Species accumulation curve of birds recorded in Butwal Sub-Metropolitan City, Nepal.

Figure 4:

Relationship of species richness with NDVI and human footprint index for respective seasons; (a) richness vs. NDVI in the winter, (b) richness vs. NDVI in the post-monsoon, (c) richness vs. human footprint index in the winter, (d) richness vs. human footprint index in the post-monsoon.

Equation 1
Equation 2
Figure 3:

Feeding guild-wise richness of birds; (a) in the winter; and (b) in the post-monsoon season.

Punjab University Journal of Zoology

June

Vol.39, Iss. 1, Pages 01-134

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