Response of Interaction between Aboveground and Belowground Herbivorous to Corn Development
Jinwen Liu, Hong Li, Jinhua Zhang, Jianping Li and Xiujuan Yan*
Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
Jinwen Liu and Hong Li contributed equally to this work.
* Corresponding author: yanxiujuan2000@126.com
Fig. 1.
Location map of experimental site.
Fig. 2.
Interactions between aphid (above-ground) (AG) and grub (below-ground) (BG) via mediated plant responses. (A) The densities of aphid survival with or without below-ground herbivore, both are AG and BG herbivore, and (B) The densities of grub survival with or without above-ground herbivore.
Notes: A & G, A, G groups are aphid and grub, aphid, grub, respectively. Values are means ± S.E. * p< 0.05, ** p <0.01, *** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001.
Fig. 3.
The effects of above-ground herbivores (aphids) and below-ground herbivores (grubs) on corn.
Treatments 1, 2, 3, 4 in abscissa indicated: aphid and grub, aphid, grub, blank control, respectively; Lower case letters represented significant level of difference p <0.05; Upper case letters represented extremely significant levels of difference p <0.01.
Fig. 4.
The correlation analysis of (A) aphids and (B) grubs on corn plant.
Notes: ** p<0.01; R: Pearson correlation coefficient. Lines: the relationship between the two variables aphid or grub and plant (linear correlation).
Fig. 5.
The niche relationship among aphid (above-ground), grub (below-ground) and corn height.