Protease and Synthetic Volatile Analogue Compounds from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IIHR BA2 Exhibit Bio-Control Action Against Root Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita
Protease and Synthetic Volatile Analogue Compounds from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IIHR BA2 Exhibit Bio-Control Action Against Root Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita
R. Umamaheswari*, P. Prabu, M.S. Rao, B.M. Kavya and G. N. Grace
ABSTRACT
Bio-control agents serve as effective and environment-friendly weapons to mitigate the menace due to diverse plant pathogens. Production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), antibiotics, enzymes and other secondary metabolites produced by bio-control agents demonstrate their antagonistic action against a multitude of phytopathogenic microbes and nematodes. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IIHR BA2 (Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 2) is one such potential bacterial bioagent that demonstrated effective nematicidal activity against root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, a major biotic constraint in successful crop production. This study aims to decipher the mechanism of action of B. amyloliquefaciens IIHR BA2 against M. incognita by studying the presence of nematicidal genes and production of VOCs. In vitro study recorded 88.34% of M. incognita Juvenile mortality treated with B. amyloliquefaciens IIHR BA2 cell free crude extract at 100% after 72 h. Neutral and alkaline protease genes which are responsible for nematicidal action were identified in B. amyloliquefaciens IIHR BA2. Through Head space solid-phase micro extraction gas chromatography- mass spectrophotometer 52 VOCs were detected. Among the different compounds, synthetic limonene exhibited the maximum juvenile mortality followed by α-Pinene and Carvone. From the result of this study, we concluded that the release of terpenoid volatiles from B. amyloliquefaciens IIHR BA2 increased its antagonistic action against nematodes.
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