In Silico and In Vitro Analysis of Red Kidney Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and Black-Eyed Beans (Vigna unguiculata) and Their Phytochemical Analysis
In Silico and In Vitro Analysis of Red Kidney Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and Black-Eyed Beans (Vigna unguiculata) and Their Phytochemical Analysis
Afshan Kaleem*, Iqra Noor, Roheena Abdullah and Mehwish Iqtedar
ABSTRACT
Beans and legumes are an excellent source of protein, minerals, dietary fiber, carbohydrates and bioactive compounds. They serve as medicinal plants and are used as common food in developing countries. The objective of the current study was to analyze the various biological characteristics of Phaseolus vulgaris and Vigna unguiculata in order to identify new therapeutic leads for specific disorders (colon cancer and memory improvement in Alzheimer’s disease). Phytochemical testing showed the presence of various bioactive compounds including flavonoids, steroids, carbohydrates, proteins, glycosides, saponins, phenols etc. Antibacterial analysis of aqueous extracts of Phaseolus vulgaris and Vigna unguiculata were done by using the disc diffusion method, which showed that both extracts have potential antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, though Phaseolus vulgaris has higher antibacterial activity than Vigna unguiculata. FTIR and in silico analysis showed that the aqueous extracts of both Vigna unguiculata and Phaseolus vulgaris contain multiple phytochemicals with good binding capacities and a considerable number of hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Phaseolus vulgaris contains the plant pigment rutin, which showed good docking results with lowest docking energy of –13.461 Kcal/mol against the caspase-3 protein. This protein is an apoptotic marker in colon cancer that prevents colon cancer cells from multiplying by triggering apoptosis, achieved by cell cycle arrest and activation of the caspase protein. While in the case of Vigna unguiculata, Beta-amyloid (APLP1 and APP) proteins were docked with various bioactive compounds showing it have beneficial effects on Alzheimer’s disease treatment and hence can become a potential drug for memory improvement.
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