First Application of Extracellular Enveloped Viral Glycoprotein Gene Based DIVA - Approach with Molecular Characterization of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus in Al-Sharqia, Egypt
First Application of Extracellular Enveloped Viral Glycoprotein Gene Based DIVA - Approach with Molecular Characterization of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus in Al-Sharqia, Egypt
Hend E.M. Elsheikh1*, Mamdouh F. El-Mekkawi1, A.A. Abou-Zaid1 and Amal M. Abd El-Raof2
ABSTRACT
Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is a highly transmissible bovine disease caused by a virus belongs to Poxviridae family (genus Capripox). The disease was originally isolated from cattle in Egypt in 1988 and it later became widespread in the most of governorates. Because of the appearance of vaccine-associated disease recently, it is critical to differentiate infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) strategies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect LSDV in suspected clinically diseased cows from 6 herds in Al-Sharqia governorate, Egypt, between May 2021-April 2022. Moreover, to detect whether this infection is due to a field strain or vaccine strain based on partial sequence of the EEV Glycoprotein gene that firstly used in Egypt, for LSDV detection from 2 infected cows and three types of live attenuated vaccines used in Egypt. In all, 42 of the 145 cows displayed characteristic LSD clinical signs in form of spontaneous eruption of many intradermal nodules varied in size and numbers. Conventional PCR was employed for LSDV confirmation as LSDV DNA was identified in 11 out of 12 (91.6%) samples [6/6 (100%) skin nodule biopsies and 5/6 (83.3%) nasal swabs] using EEV Glycoprotein gene. The nucleotide sequences of the EEV Glycoprotein gene of LSDV from 2 diseased cows aligned with those received from Gene Bank demonstrating that, the two detected LSDV were 100% similar and shared high sequence homology with the virulent strain from Egypt 1988; South Africa; Cameron; Kenya and Ein-Zurim/Israel with identities ranging from 99.7 % to 99.8%. Moreover, the nucleotide sequence alignment for LSDVs from 2 diseased cows and Al-Abbasya LSDV vaccine revealed the presence of 27 nucleotides that were absent in Romanian MEVAC-SPV and MEVAC-LSDV. So the conventional PCR targeting the partial EEV Glycoprotein gene is a quick and precise method for identifying LSDV. Also, the Partial sequence of EEV Glycoprotein gene has the ability to perform DIVA approach when use MEVAC LSD vaccine. In contrast it’s not capable to do the same on Al-Abbasya LSDV vaccine due to unlikely presence of 27 nucleotides that specific for field strain in this type of vaccine.
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