Combined Effect of Melatonin and Metformin in Mitigating Anxiety and Depression-Related Behaviors in Diabetic Mice Under Immobility Stress: Role of Oxidative Stress
Idrissi Ouedrhiri Housna1, Bikri Samir1,2*, Benloughmari Douae1, Aboussaleh Youssef1
1Laboratory of Biology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Biology Department, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco; 2Higher School of Paramedical and Rehabilitation “EDUMED”, Planeta Formation and Universities, Rabat, Morocco.
*Correspondence | Bikri Samir, Laboratory of Biology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Biology Department, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco; Email:
[email protected]
Figure 3:
Effects of MET and MEL phenolic in STZ diabetic mice exposed or not to immobility stress on anxiety and depressive-like behavior. Data are expressed to mean ± SDSD (n=7). *p<0.05, **p<0.001; ***p<0.01 versus NC group. + p<0.05 ++p<0.01 versus D-Met. @ p<0.05 @@ p<0.01 @@@ p<0.001 versus D-Ims-Met; T1: after 1 month of treatment; T2: after 2 months of treatment.*
Figure 1:
Changes in FBG (A) and body weight (BW) (B). Data are expressed to mean ± SDSD (n=7). *p<0.05, **p<0.001, ***p<0.01 versus NC group. + p<0.05 ++p<0.01 versus D-Met. @ p<0.05 @@ p<0.01 @@@ p<0.001 versus D-Ims-Met.
Figure 4:
Biochemical analysis; Data are expressed to mean ± SDSD (n=7); *p<0.05, **p<0.001; ***p<0.01 versus NC group. + p<0.05 ++p<0.01 versus D-Met. @ p<0.05 @@ p<0.01 @@@ p<0.001 versus D-Ims-Met.
Figure 2:
Changes in CORT. level. Data are expressed to mean ± SDSD (n=7); *p<0.05, **p<0.001; ***p<0.01 versus NC group. + p<0.05 ++p<0.01 versus D-Met. @ p<0.05 @@ p<0.01 @@@ p<0.001 versus D-Ims-Met.
Figure 5:
Malondialdehyde levels in brain (A) and Pancreas (B). Data are expressed to mean ± SDSD (n=7). *p<0.05, **p<0.001, ***p<0.01 versus NC groups. + p<0.05 ++p<0.01 versus D-Met. @ p<0.05 @@ p<0.01 @@@ p<0.001 versus D-Ims-Met.