Research Article

Modeling a Formulation and Assessment of the Consumer Properties of the Special Purpose Starch Drink

Olga Mikhailovna Blinnikova1*, Vadim Anatolyevich Babushkin1, Lyudmila Gennadievna Eliseeva2 and Galina Severyanovna Usova3

1Department of Food Technology and Commodity Science, 393760, Michurinsk State Agrarian University, Internatsionalnaya St., 101, Russia; 2Department Science of Commodities and Commodity Examination Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 117997, Moscow, Stremyanniy Lane, 36, Russia; 3Department of Biotechnology, Breeding and Seed Production of Agricultural Crops, Michurinsk State Agrarian University, Internatsionalnaya St., 101, Russia.

Received | September 30, 2019; Accepted | July 15, 2020; Published | September 01, 2020

*Correspondence | Olga Mikhailovna Blinnikova, Department of Food Technology and commodity science, 393760, Michurinsk State Agrarian University, Internatsionalnaya st., 101; Email: [email protected]

Citation | Blinnikova, O.M., V.A. Babushkin, L.G. Eliseeva, G.S. Usova. 2020. Modeling a formulation and assessment of the consumer properties of the special purpose starch drink. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 36(3): 939-948.

DOI | http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.sja/2020/36.3.939.948

Keywords | Modeling, Specialized food products, Starch drinks, Formulation, Nutritional value, Vitamins and vitamin-like compounds, Macro- and microelements, Dietary fibers

Introduction

The diet of a modern person includes various food products often with complex formulations, which determines the emergence and development of such areas as modeling, or development of multicomponent food products with the desired properties (Muratova et al., 2011; Blinnikova and Eliseeva, 2017; Blinnikova, 2017). In modeling them, developers aim at obtaining a product with high nutritional value using enrichers as additional ingredients.

Enrichment of food products consists in adding any essential nutrients and minor components to them, such as vitamins, macro and microelements, food fibers, polyunsaturated fatty acids, phospholipids, and other natural biologically active substances with the aim of preserving or improving the nutritional value of specific food products, or of the general diet for specific groups of the population. Another similar term is nitrification, which emphasizes the purpose of such enrichment-improving the nutritional value of the products. Abroad, this process is called fortification. These terms refer to the introduction of essential nutrients into the enriched food product (Bannikova and Ptichkina, 2012; Plaschina et al., 2002; Spirichev, 2000).

One of the ways of enriching food products is creating multicomponent food products with desired properties, which is aimed at the following:

• Restoring the normal levels of the nutrients lost during processing and storage
• Increasing the natural level of the nutrients content to satisfy the overall need in these nutrients in the minimum amount of consumed food
• Giving the products special characteristics by introducing functional and metabolic ingredients.

By their purpose, such products are classified into specialized, therapeutic, preventive, and functional ones.

Development of enriched food products for specialized and functional nutrition should become a solution to the problem of the intake of the nutrients needed for maintaining cellular immunity, the functioning of the digestive system, stable operation of the cardiovascular and the nervous systems, and the human organism as a whole. Due to the development of enriched rational food products with all nutrients necessary for the human organism properly combined, the relationship between two systems the organism and the environment is optimized (Doronin and Shenderov, 2002; Edelev et al., 2011; Kochetkova, 1995; Shatnyuk, 2005).

Problem statement

Diseases of joints today are among the most frequently diagnosed diseases. According to the statistics of the WHO (World Health Organization), joints diseases take third place in terms of occurrence rate, after diseases of the circulatory and the digestive systems. According to research studies, various joint damages occur in every fourth inhabitant of Russia, including the Central Federal District. Moreover, among people aged over 60, 97 % complain of joint pain. Medical professionals say that joint diseases have become much “younger”: Increasingly, these problems are manifested in the young people who spend most of their time in the office sitting at a computer for more than eight to ten hours a day without regular physical training. Excessive weight also affects the joints’ ability to withstand loads.

This paper is dedicated to developing a specialized starch drink enriched with natural biologically active substances from the fruit and berry raw materials from the Central Chernozem region and collagen hydrolysate for preventing diseases of the locomotor system.

 

Materials and Methods

The objects of the research study were the ingredients used as formulation components for modeling the starch drink formulation: berries of honeysuckle of Zimorodok variety and Actinidia kolomikta of Soroka variety in conformance with the requirements of the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union 021/2011 “On food safety” (2011).

Honeysuckle of Zimorodok variety was obtained in the All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Production named after N.I. Vavilov, the author was L.P. Kuminov. The plant is medium-late ripening, frost-resistant, resistant to shedding. The average yield from the bush is 2.1 kg. It is designated for dessert. The bush is weedy, compacted, with straight hairless shoots of green color. The berries are large 1.1g, round-oval with a thickened tip, juicy, dark blue, with blue bloom. The pubescence of berries is weak, simple. The skin of the fruit is thin. The taste is sweet, without aroma, refreshing, without bitterness, very good.

Actinidia of Soroka variety was obtained in the Moscow branch of VNIIR. The variety is medium-ripening, relatively winter-hardy. The yield is 0.7 kg per bush. The average weight of the fruit is 3 g. The shape of the fruit is elongated cylindrical. Peel is of medium thickness, green, with bright longitudinal stripes. The pulp is tender with strawberry aroma. The taste is sweet and sour. The variety is designated for universal usage.

Fresh berries of honeysuckle and actinidia were inspected for quality and rotten, pest-affected and immature berries were discarded; stalks and sepals were removed. The berries were washed with cold running water, crushed and triturated in pulping machines to obtain fruit mash with the particles of 0.8 mm. The fruit mash was used to prepare kissel or was hot filled in bottles for further use in the preparation of kissel. As a result of different ripening periods of honeysuckle and actinidia berries, honeysuckle kissel was made of hot-bottled fruit mash, and actinidia kissel was prepared from fresh berries.

The chemical composition of the developed starch drink was studied using modern standard methods in accordance with the current regulatory documentation.

The vitamin value of the drink was determined by using the percentage of satisfying the need in vitamins, according to the physiological norms for the need in energy and nutrients (MP 2.3.1.2432-08, 2008).

Titratable acidity was determined according to GOST ISO 750-2013 “Products of fruit and vegetable processing. Determination of titratable acidity” using the titration method in the presence of a color indicator. For this, a sample prepared for analysis with a volume of 50 cm3 was pipetted into a beaker with a mechanical stirrer. A constantly shaken phenolphthalein solution was added to the beaker and titrated from the burette with a sodium hydroxide solution until the pink color appeared that did not disappear for 30 s.

Titratable acidity T, mmol per 100 cm3 of product, taking into account dilution, was calculated using the formula:

Where;

V is the volume of the analyzed sample; V1 is the volume of the titrated sodium hydroxide solution spent on titration; c is the exact concentration of the titrated sodium hydroxide solution, mol/dm3; V0 is sample volume for analysis, cm3; 250 is volumetric flask, cm3; 100 is coefficient for calculating titratable acidity per 100 g of product; 1000 is coefficient obtained in the calculation 250/25 Vac 100/V0. Determining the level of acidity is necessary to establish the shelf life and compliance of the resulting product with the requirements of the standard.

The solids content in the analyzed kissel was determined by the refractometric method according to GOST ISO 2173-2013 “Products of fruit and vegetable processing. Refractometric method for the determination of soluble solids”. For this purpose, the laboratory sample was thoroughly mixed and part of the sample was squeezed out through four-fold cheesecloth. The first drops were discarded and the remaining liquid was used for determination. The temperature of the analyzed solution was adjusted to the measurement temperature. Two-three drops were applied to a fixed prism of the refractometer and immediately covered with a movable prism. After lighting, a line was drawn dividing the dark and light field in the eyepiece, exactly at the crosshairs in the eyepiece window. Refractive index was determined. In accordance with the standard, the mass fraction of soluble solids was equal to the number found.

After conducting physical and chemical studies, organoleptic indicators and the proportion of impurities were determined in accordance with GOST 8756.1-2017 “Products of fruit, vegetable and mushroom processing. Methods for the determination of organoleptic characteristics, mass fraction of components, net mass or volume”. The appearance, color, smell, texture and taste of kissel were assessed.

The vitamin value of the resulting product was determined according to GOST 24556-89 “Products of fruit and vegetable processing. Methods for determining vitamin C” using the titrimetric method, based on the extraction of vitamin C with hydrochloric acid followed by visual titration with a solution of sodium 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenolate until the light pink color is observed. To extract vitamin C from the analyzed product, a sample of 50 g was transferred to volumetric flasks with a capacity of 100 cm3. The walls of the flasks were washed with small portions of the extracting solution until the volume reached the mark. The contents were held for 10 minutes, stirred and filtered.

5 cm3 of the obtained extract was pipetted into a flask with a capacity of 100 cm3, the volume was adjusted with water to 10 cm3 and titrated with a solution of sodium 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenolate until the faint pink color appeared that did not disappear for 20 s.

At the same time, a control test was carried out for the content of reducing substances in the product. To do this, 5 cm3 of the extract was also placed in the flask; the same volume of acetate buffer solution was added. Formaldehyde solution in a volume equal to half the volume of the buffer solution was stirred and kept for 10 min in the flask previously closed with a stopper. Then the contents were titrated with a solution of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenolate sodium.

Mass fraction of ascorbic acid (X) in percent was calculated using the formula:

Where;

V1 is the volume of the solution of sodium 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenolate, spent on titration of the sample extract, cm3; V2 is the volume of the solution of sodium 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenolate, spent on the control test, cm3; T is the titer of sodium 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenolate solution, g/cm3; V3 is the volume of extract obtained by extraction of vitamin C from a sample of the product, cm3; V4 is the volume of extract used for titration, cm3; m is the mass of the sample, g.

The arithmetic mean of the results of two parallel determinations is taken as the final test result.

The content of P-active compounds anthocyanins, flavonols, and catechins was determined by the method of L.I. Vigorova and A. Ya. Tribune.

Preparation of the extract. Kissel in the amount of 5 g was mixed with 20 ml of 50% ethanol, triturated with glass powder, transferred to a 100 ml conical flask, heated in a water bath to the temperature of 60-70°C for 15 minutes, and filtered. The precipitate was again transferred to the flask, poured with alcohol and placed in a bath. The extraction was carried out 3-4 times, until the alcohol was completely discolored. The extract was collected in a 100 ml volumetric flask and filled to the mark with ethyl alcohol. The extract was cooled for 30-40 minutes at a temperature of 0 °C and filtered.

Determination of flavonols. A solution obtained by mixing 2 ml of extract and 4 ml of 50% ethanol was used to balance the cuvettes.

A 2 ml extract was poured into a dry tube, 2 ml of 2% AlCl solution (2 g per 100 ml of 50% ethyl alcohol) were added. After 2 minutes, 2 ml of 10% sodium acetate solution (10 g per 100 ml of 50% solution) were added. After 1 minute, the light absorption of the solution was determined on a KFK-2 photocolorimeter (10.05 ml cuvette, 400 light filter).

The calculation of the flavonols was carried out according to a calibration curve constructed according to the rutin:

Where;

C was the content of flavonols according to the calibration curve; B was the total volume of the extract (100 ml); 100 was the conversion in %; a was the sample (5 g); b was the volume of the extract taken for analysis (2 ml); 1,000 was the transfer of mcg to mg.

Determination of catechins. The analysis was based on the reaction of a vanillin solution with catechins of fruits and berries.

From the main alcoholic extract, 2 ml of the extract were poured into 2 test tubes. 6 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid were added to the one test tube, and 6 ml of vanillin solution (0.25 g in 100 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid) were added to the other test tube.

The mixtures were stirred accurately for 3 minutes and determined at a wavelength of 540 nm. A tube with concentrated hydrochloric acid served as a control.

The calculation was carried out according to a curve constructed by the tea catechin.

Where;

C was the catechin content according to the calibration curve; B was the total volume of the extract (100 ml); 100 was the conversion in %; a was the sample (5 g); b was the volume of the extract taken for analysis (2 ml); 1,000 was the transfer of mcg to mg.

Anthocyanins were determined by spectrophotometric method on a Genesys 10 uv spectrophotometer. 5 ml of the extract were poured into a test tube, 2.5 ml of acidic 96% ethanol (20 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid + 80 ml of 96% alcohol) were added to manifest anthocyanins. 75% ethyl alcohol served as a control. The wavelength was 535 nm. The calculation was carried out according to the formula:

Where;

E was the optical density of the solution.

The vitamin value of the drink was determined taking into account the percentage of satisfaction in them, according to the norms of physiological needs for energy and nutrients (MP 2.3.1.2432-08, 2008). The adjusted physiological need for vitamin C for adults was 90 mg/day; for flavonoids 250 mg/day, including for catechins 100 mg/day. After determining the actual content of ascorbic acid and flavonoids (anthocyanins, flavonols and catechins) in the developed kissel, the percentage of the human body’s satisfaction in these nutrients from the daily requirement for them when using one serving of a drink equal to 200 ml was calculated. The calculation was carried out by proportions where the daily requirement for the nutrient was taken for 100% and the actual nutrient content was taken for x (MP 2.3.1.2432-08, 2008).

 

Results and Discussion

Creating specialized food products for preventive nutrition is at the interception of nutritional and biomedical science. The main objective of such products is resolving the problems of preventive and curative medicine. Consequently, the development of the formulation of the starch drink used for preventing diseases of the musculoskeletal apparatus is relevant, as the main consumers of these products are hospitals.

In addition to vitamin and mineral enrichment of food products, special attention has recently been given to protein preparations. This is due to the lack of dietary protein, which results in degeneration, decomposition of protein tissues, dysfunction of intestines, etc. One of the ways of removing protein deficiency in nutrition is the use of collagen hydrolysate in the production of commonly consumed food products, such as yogurt, starch drink, and other drinks, and confectionery.

By now, scientists from various countries have developed an easily digested form of natural collagen collagen hydrolysate, which acts as raw material in making preparations for oral nutritional supplements: for people with increased physical activity, athletes, the elderly, for prevention care of the musculoskeletal system; in the food industry in making oral nutritional supplements and specialized food products.

There is a broad list of oral nutritional supplements and medicinal products, where the active component is collagen hydrolysate; however, it is almost unused for making enriched food products. As for the market of the products enriched with collagen, they are currently represented only by few products.

The studies of the nutritive value of fruit and berry raw materials from the Central Chernozem zone performed by the authors showed that they were a valuable source of natural biologically active substances (Blinnikova et al., 2014; Eliseeva and Blinnikova, 2013a, 2013b). In addition, the balance of mineral substances in fruits and berries may be improved by enriching them with essential macro and micronutrients: Mg, Se, I2, Zn, and Mn, by the method of foliar treatment of the plants with aqueous solutions of the salts of sodium selenate (Na2SeO4), potassium iodide (KJ), zinc sulphate (ZnSO4), manganese sulphate (MnSO4), and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) during the vegetation period (Blinnikova and Eliseeva, 2015, 2016, 2017; Pat. 2533913 of the Russian Federation, 2014). The use of enriched fruit and berry raw materials in food production would expand the range of various groups of food products and give them functional properties. Quick freezing and low-temperature storage of fruit and berries would provide year-round use in food production. Collagen hydrolysate was used as the enriching additive.

In creating the offered category of products, the Norms of physiological needs in energy and nutrients for various groups of the Russian population were used, which are the scientific basis for nutrition planning in organized groups, and hospitals, and are used for substantiating the composition of specialized and enriched food products, etc.

Development of food products for prevention care of the musculoskeletal system involves the offered integrated approach for the use of the berries of edible honeysuckle and Actinidia kolomikta, which are the source of flavonoids, ascorbic acid, and other biologically active substances, and the enriching ingredient collagen hydrolysate.

Using the method of linear programming, the formulation of the starch drink made of Actinidia and honeysuckle was modeled with the maximum nutritional value and the following content of vitamins and other nutrients per 100 ml of the drink: ascorbic acid not less than 45 mg, anthocyanins, and flavonols not less than 150 mg, catechins not less than 50 mg, dry substance not less than 12 %, organic acids 0.4 to 1.0 %, and proteins 5 g. For setting the limits, the authors were guided by the requirements of GOST R 56558-2015 (2015) for fruit starch drinks, and the norms of the content of physiologically active substances in food products (MP 2.3.1.2432-08, 2008). With that, the content of collagen in a single serving of the product, i.e., 200 ml of the drink, should be 200 % of the daily need, which is 5 g (Matsumoto et al., 2006; Moskowitz, 2000). The content of dry matter in the ingredients of the starch drink formulation (FI) is shown in Table 1, and its nutritional value in Table 2.

 

Table 1: Information matrix for developing the formulation of the starch drink from Actinidia and honeysuckle berries.

Formulation ingredients (FI)	Index, Xi	Possible range of variation, %	Dry matter content, %
Actinidia mash	x1	10-15	14.2
honeysuckle mash	x2	10-15	12.0
sugar	x3	6.0-.5	99.85
solution of the fortificant	x4	10.8	46.0
starch	x5	3.0-3.2	85.0
xanthan gum	x6	0.3	91.0
water	x7	49.8-60.9	0

 

The task was finding values x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7, with which the target goal, i.e., the nutritional value of the developed starch drink, tended to the maximum:

F(x)= 18,295x1 +19,306.23x2+ 99,850·x3 + 46,000·x4 + 85,100·x5 + 91,000·x6→max (1)

Based on the information matrix (Table 1), Table 3 shows a system of linear balance equations and limitations.

As a result of calculation, the following shares of the components in the starch drink formulation were obtained: x1 = 0.117; x2 = 0.15; x3 = 0.065; x4 = 0.108; x5 = 0.032; x6 = 0.003; and x7 = 0.525. With that, F(x) = 21,947.958→max. In accordance with the obtained results, the formulation of the developed starch drink was made (Table 4).

The technological process of making starch drinks includes the following operations: Incoming inspection of raw materials, preparation of the components, mixing, thermal treatment, filling into the consumer containers; end product quality monitoring; labeling; packing into shipping containers; and transportation and storage.

The fresh honeysuckle and Actinidia berries were inspected for quality with rejection of the unripe berries and those affected by pests; the stalk and sepals were removed; the berries were washed in cold running water, crushed and mashed in mashing machines for obtaining the mash with particle size of 0.8 mm, which was used for preparing the starch drink or hot-bottled for later use in the preparation of the drink. Due to various ripening periods of honeysuckle and Actinidia berries, mashed honeysuckle stored by hot bottling and fresh Actinidia mash were used in making the drink.

Collagen hydrolysate was introduced as a 46% aqueous solution. Starch was mixed with sugar and xanthan gum, and the mixture was introduced into one-third of cold water with continuous stirring. After that, the components were mixed in accordance with the formulation (except for collagen hydrolysate), the mixture was heated to 85°C, then collagen hydrolysate solution heated to 97–98 °C was added, the finished product was hot-filled into previously prepared sterilized containers that were immediately closed.

 

Table 2: Nutritional value of formulation ingredients in the starch drink.

The list of nutrients	The amount of vitamins and other nutrients in the composition of formulation ingredients of the starch drink, mg/100 g
	Actinidia	honeysuckle	sugar	solution of the fortificant	starch	gum
ascorbic acid	1,255.5	32.23	0	0	0	0
anthocyanins and flavonols	60.7	2,157	0	0	0	0
catechins	179.3	297	0	0	0	0
protein	1,100	1,300	0	46,000	100	0
carbohydrates	14,200	12,000	99,850	0	85,000	91,000
organic acids	1,500	3,520	0	0	0	0
Total	18,295.5	19,306.23	99,850	46,000	85,100	91,000

 

Table 3: A system of balance linear equations and limitations.

Balance	Equations, limitations
Soluble dry substances	14.2·x1 + 12·x2 + 99.85·x3 + 46·x4 + 85·x5 + 91·x6≥12
Ascorbic acid	1,255.5·x1 + 32.23·x2≥45
Anthocyanins and flavonols	60.7·x1 + 2,157·x2≥150
Catechins	179.3·x1 + 297·x2≥50
Protein	1,100·x1 + 1,300·x2 + 46,000·x4 + 100·x5≥5,000
Organic acids	1.0≥1.5·x1 + 3.52·x2≥0.4
The lower limit	x1≥0.10; x2≥0.10; x3≥0.06; x5≥0.030; x7≥0.498
The upper limit	x1≤0.15; x2≤0.15; x3≤0.065; x5≤0.032; x7≤ 0.609
Collagen hydrolysate solution limitation	x4 = 0.108
Gum limitation	x6 = 0.003
Starch drink weight	x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 + x6 + x7 = 1

The system of linear balance equations was solved in Excel Solver.

 

Table 4: Starch drink formulation per 1,000 kg.

Raw material name	Formulation, kg
Actinidia fruit mash	117
Honeysuckle fruit mash	150
Sugar	65
46 % collagen hydrolysate solution	108
Starch	32
Xanthan gum	3
Water	525
Total	1000

 

The quality of the ready starch drink was assessed by a set of indicators.

The product was a homogeneous starch drink-like mass with a pleasant rich natural color characteristic of honeysuckle berries with harmonious sweet-sour flavor and delicate aroma. The physicochemical indicators of the starch drink quality met the requirements (Table 5).

The use of collagen hydrolysate in the starch drink formulation ensured high content of protein and amino acids in the product (Table 6).

Nutritional value of the starch drink is shown in Table 7.

 

Table 5: Physicochemical indicators of the starch drink quality.

Indicator name, unit of measurement	Norm (GOST R 56558-2015)	Indicator value
Mass fraction of soluble dry substances, %	not less than 12.0	17.7 ± 0.01
Mass fraction of fruits, %	not less than 20.0	26.7 ± 0.1
Mass fraction of titratable acids, %	0.4 – 1.0	0.67 ± 0.01
Vegetable impurities (stalks, etc.)	not allowed	absent
Impurities (not listed in the formulation)	not allowed	absent
Mass fraction of protein, %	unregulated	5.5 ± 0.1

 

Table 6: Amino acids content in the starch drink.

Indicator name, unit of measurement	Indicator value
Mass fraction of amino acids, %
Essential
Valine	0.059 ± 0.001
Leucine + Isoleucine	0.143 ± 0.003
Lysine	0.239 ± 0.002
Methionine	0.045 ± 0.001
Cysteine	0.051 ± 0.001
Threonine	0.107 ± 0.003
Phenylalanine	0.087 ± 0.002
Tyrosine	0.038 ± 0.001
Nonessential
Alanine	0.687 ± 0.021
Arginine	0.354 ± 0.004
Aspartic acid	0.285 ± 0.003
Histidine	0.011 ± 0.001
Glycine	1.144 ± 0.022
Glutamic acid	0.489 ± 0.003
Proline	0.638 ± 0.011
Oxyproline	0.661 ± 0.012
Serine	0.265 ± 0.003

 

The use of mashed Actinidia and honeysuckle berries as fruit base characterized by the high content of biologically active substances allowed obtaining a product of high nutritional value, which was the source of ascorbic acid, anthocyanins, flavonols, catechins, pectin, fibers, and minerals. Figure 1 shows the data about the percentage of satisfying the human organism’s daily need in individual nutrients per one serving of the product, i.e., 200 ml of the starch drink.

Using one cup of starch drink covers the daily requirement for ascorbic acid by 211.5 %, for P-active substances by 226.9 %, including catechins by 82.6 %.

 

Table 7: Nutritional value of the starch drink.

Indicator name, unit of measurement	Indicator value
Vitamins and vitamin-like compounds, g/100 g
Ascorbic acid	102.1 ± 0.5
Anthocyanins	168.5 ± 0.7
Catechins	54.6 ± 0.3
Flavonols	41.3 ± 0.2
Macro and Microelements
Calcium, mg/100 g	30.3 ± 0.7
Phosphorus, mg/100 g	15.7 ± 0.3
Magnesium, mg/100 g	7.5 ± 0.2
Sodium, mg/100 g	8.4 ± 0.1
Potassium, mg/100 g	49.3 ± 0.5
Zinc, mg/100 g	0.27 ± 0.001
Manganese, mg/100 g	0.07 ± 0.001
Iodine, µg/100 g	0.28 ± 0.01
Selenium, µg/100 g	0.55 ± 0.01
Dietary fibers, %
Pectins	0.35 ± 0.01
Fiber	0.1 ± 0.01

 

 

The developed fruit starch drink is a source of dietary fibers, and macro- and microelements. One serving of the starch drink provides 8.5 % of manganese, 6 % of calcium, 4.5 % of zinc and dietary fiber, 3.9 % of phosphorus and potassium, and 3.8 % of magnesium to the human organism.

• In terms of safety and microbiological indicators, the starch drink meets the requirements of the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union TR CU 021/2011 On food products safety (Technical Regulations of the Customs Union 021/2011 “On food safety”, 2011).

Thus, the use of linear programming method has allowed modeling the formulation of the starch drink for dietary preventive nutrition enriched with collagen, which has high nutritional value, required content of biologically active substances, and good organoleptic properties, and meets the requirements of normative documents (Pat. 2668338 of the Russian Federation, 2018). Technical documentation has been developed and approved for the developed fruit starch drink.

 

Conclusions and Recommendations

In modeling food products with the predetermined composition, approaches based on linear methods and experimental statistical programming are mainly used. In this research, in modeling the formulation of the starch drink for specialized nutrition, the method of linear programming was used. For the main raw material in modeling a starch drink formulation, Actinidia and honeysuckle berries have been used, which are unique natural concentrates of ascorbic acid and flavonoids, respectively, as well as a protein enriching ingredient, collagen hydrolysate.

The use of linear programming method has allowed modeling the formulation of the starch drink for dietary preventive nutrition enriched with collagen, which has high nutritional value, required content of biologically active substances, and good organoleptic properties, and meets the requirements of normative documents.

Drinking one cup of the starch drink covers the daily requirement for ascorbic acid by 211.5 %, for P-active substances by 226.9 %, including catechins by 82.6 %, and collagen by 200 %. The advantage of the beverage is determined by the simultaneous presence of high dosages of these natural vitamins in the starch drink. P-active compounds enhance the biological effect of vitamin C, and the high content of ascorbic acid that of collagen. The developed fruit starch drink is a source of dietary fibers, and macro and microelements. One serving of the starch drink provides 8.5 % of manganese, 6 % of calcium, 4.5 % of zinc and dietary fiber, 3.9 % of phosphorus and potassium, and 3.8 % of magnesium to the human organism.

 

Novelty Statement

A drinking kissel formulation has been developed for the prevention of diseases of the musculoskeletal system. The proposed integrated approach is associated with the use of honeysuckle and Actinidia kolomikta berries, which are a source of flavonoids, ascorbic acid and other biologically active substances, as well as an enriching ingredient collagen hydrolyzate.

 

Author’s Contribution

OMB structuring the experimental design, formulating the problem, collecting the data, literature review, organizing and conducting the statistical analysis, interpreting the results, writing a major portion of the paper, building the apparatus. VAB structuring the experimental design, formulating the problem. LGE and GSU structuring the experimental design, formulating the problem.

Coflict of interest

The authors have declared no conflict of interest.

 

References

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