General Information

Authors are advised to please visit following sections on author's responsibilities, publishing policies and statements before formatting manuscripts according to the Author’s Guidelines provided below. 

Authors Guidelines

Referees Recommendations
Submission of the Manuscript
Types of Manuscript
Formatting of the Manuscript
Formatting of References
Preparation of Figures
Preparation of Tables
Returning of Galley Proofs

Referees Recommendations

Authors are required to provide atleast six foreign experts from western/industrially developed countries (such as USA, UK, Australia, Canada, Continental Europe). Only experts without prior connections or collaborations will be accepted. Full name, affiliation and email address would be required during the online submission process. No national (Pakistani) experts, nor even expatriates, are acceptable. The reviewers should also not belong to the institution/university from where the manuscript has been submitted. These recommendations are for reference only and don’t guarantee their selection as reviewers. It is the Editor’s responsibility to consider a reviewer from author’s recommendations or select all reviewers anonymously based on the scope of the manuscript and nature of the study.

Submission of the Manuscript

Submit your manuscript through the Manuscript Handler (left side of this page OR LOG-IN icone at the right top corner of this page). For any technical issues during submission please contact us at [email protected]

Terms of Submission

While submitting your manuscripts you must ensure that:

• The manuscript is not being considered elsewhere for publication.
• All authors have approved the publication of this manuscript.
• The relevant institution has approved the submission, if required.
• The authors permit editing of the paper for readability.

Types of Manuscript 

Research Article: An article containing full detail of findings. It should consist of Title Page, Abstract, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion (Results and Discussion can be combined), Acknowledgements, Authors's Contributions, References, Tables, and finally Figure Legends.

Short Communication: A shorter version of manuscript. Short Communications may be published more rapidly. It should consist of Title Page, Abstract, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion (or Results and Discussion), Acknowledgements, Author's Contributions, References, Tables, and finally Figure Legends.

Formatting of the Manuscript

Title and Authorship Information Page (first page of the manuscript)
• Title of the manuscript
• Full names of author(s)
• Full institutional mailing addresses
• Email address(es), telephone and fax number of corresponding author(s)

Abstract (350 words maximum):
The manuscript should contain an abstract. Abstracts shall not contain any references and should clearly and accurately summarize the main focus of the study. The word count should be under 350 words.

Introduction:
This section should summarize existing literature sufficiently so that the readers understand the background of the findings. At the end, the introduction should contain the objectives of the study. Authors may use subheadings, if necessory.

Materials and Methods:
This part should contain sufficient experimental and analytical details so that any readers can repeat the procedures without consulting the author of the study. To have better understanding of the methodologies, it is recommended that this section be divided under different subheadings.

Results and Discussion:
This section may be divided by subheadings or may be combined depending upon the nature of manuscript and the type of study.

Conclusions:
This section should clearly explain the main conclusions of the work. It should not be more than one paragraph and should not repeat the text presented earlier in the text. Efforts should be made to highlight the importance and relevance of the study.

Acknowledgments:
All acknowledgments (if any) should be included in the manuscript before the Reference section and may include supporting grants etc.

Authors Contributions:
The manuscript must clearly state the contribution of each author and should convince editors that each author has contributed significantly to the study.

Conflict of Interest:
In cases where no conflicts of interests exist, authors should state that “The author(s) declare(s) that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this article”. Otherwise, they should mention any conflict of interest in this section of the manuscript.

Formatting of References

References in the text should be mentioned as Smith, 2005 (when there is single author) or Smith and Franklin, 2005 (when there are two authors) or Smith et al., 2005 (when there are more than two authors). The names of the journals should be abbreviated according to the latest edition of the World List of Scientific Periodicals.

The reference in the Reference List shall be arranged alphabetically as mentioned below for each categories:

Journal
Mauer, J., Chaurasia, B., Goldau, J., Vogt, M.C., Ruud, J., Nguyen, K.D., Theurich, S., Hausen, A.C., Schmitz, J., Brönneke, H.S., Estevez, E., Allen, T.L., Mesaros, A., Partridge, L., Febbraio, M.A., Chawla, A., Wunderlich, F.T., Bruning, J.C., 2014. Signaling by IL-6 promotes alternative activation of macrophages to limit endotoxemia and obesity-associated resistance to insulin. Nature Immunol., 15: 423-430.

Book
Munir, M., 2002: Mononegaviruses of veterinary importance. Volume I: Pathobiology and molecular diagnosis: 1st edn. CABI, UK.

Chapter in Edited Book
Gnanadurai, C. W., Lyon, D. C., Jackson, A. C., Fu, Z. F., 2014: Rabies Virus. In: Munir, M (eds), Mononegaviruses of veterinary importance. Volume I: Pathobiology and molecular diagnosis, 1nd edn. pp. 209-221. CABI, UK.

PhD thesis
Author, A., 2003: Thesis title with lower case initials to all words. PhD thesis, University, Town, Country.

Web Page
Global Alliance for Research on Avian Diseases, 2014: Partners Available at: http://garad.org/ (accessed 7 Jan 2014).

Preparation of Figures

Figures should be submitted in separate files and should be uploaded to the online submission system (Manuscript Handler) along with the manuscript. All figures should be cited in the paper in consecutive order. Figures should be supplied in .jpg or jpeg formats.

Preparation of Tables

Tables should be submitted in separate files and should be uploaded to the online submission system (eSubmit) along with the manuscript. Tables should be cited consecutively in the text and should not be abbreviated.

Returning of Galley Proofs

The formatted galley proof and author's query form will be sent to corresponding author(s) only and should be returned within 2-3 days of receipt. It is the responsibility of the corresponding authors to consult other authors for corrections and proof reading, if required.