Integrative Analysis of DNA Damage, Oxidative Stress, and Serum Mineral Composition in Pesticide-Exposed Agricultural Workers from South Punjab, Pakistan
Abdul Ghaffar1*, Kashfa Akram1, Habiba Jamil1, Riaz Hussain2, Ghulam Abbas3, Fozia Afzal4, Ahrar Khan5,6, Rabia Tahir7, Muhammad Ahmad Chishti1 and Shahnaz Rashid3
1Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan; 2Department of Pathology, University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur-63100, Pakistan; 3Centre of Excellence in Marine Biology University of Karachi, 75270, Pakistan; 4Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan Campus, 64100, Pakistan; 5Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang, 261061, China; 6Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan; 7College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
*Correspondence | Abdul Ghaffar, Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan; Email:
[email protected]
Figure 1:
Comparison of damaged DNA of exposed and unexposed workers according to age 15-26.
Figure 2:
Percentage of damaged DNA of exposed and unexposed workers according to age 26-35.
Figure 3:
Percentage of damaged DNA of exposed and unexposed workers according to age 36-45.
Figure 4:
Percentage of damaged DNA of exposed and unexposed workers according to age 46-55.
Figure 5:
Percentage of damaged DNA of exposed and unexposed workers according to age ≥56.
Figure 6:
Undamaged DNA of pesticide exposed workers.
Figure 7:
Slightly damaged DNA of pesticide exposed workers.
Figure 8:
Moderately damaged DNA of pesticide exposed workers.
Figure 9:
Highly damaged DNA of pesticide exposed workers.
Table 3:
Detailed behavioral and demographic characteristic of pesticide-exposed (n=100) and unexposed (n=100) workers for observed clinical abnormalities.
Table 4:
Mean ± S.D values of hematological parameters in different diseases of pesticide exposed and unexposed individuals.
Table 5:
Mean ± S.D values of serum parameters in different diseases of pesticide exposed and unexposed individuals.
Table 6:
Mean ± S.D values of serum parameters in different diseases of pesticide exposed and unexposed individuals.