Genetic Characterization of Pakistani Goat Breeds through Mitochondrial D-Loop and Cytochrome b Gene Analyses
Genetic Characterization of Pakistani Goat Breeds through Mitochondrial D-Loop and Cytochrome b Gene Analyses
Haleema Sadia1, Masroor Ellahi Babar2, Asif Nadeem3, Tanveer Hussain4 , Muhammad Tariq Parvez5, Muhammad Muzammal6, Hafiz Ullah6 and Jabbar Khan7
ABSTRACT
We analyzed the complete mitochondrial DNA displacement-loop (D-loop) and the cytochrome b (cyt b) gene of ten Pakistani domestic goat breeds (Capra hircus). The sequence analysis showed 209 variable sites in goat breeds and each haplotype was unique. All the haplotypes were rich in A/T content. Analysis of variable sites revealed 178 transitions and 31 transversions. Out of 178 transitions 81 were A↔G and 97 were C↔T. Of the 31 transversions, 2 were heteromorphic transversion G→T/C and T→G/C, one transversion also showed a pattern of transition. The ratio between transitions to transversion was 8.5:1.5. The phylogenetic analyses and sequence divergence (SD) established two major distinct mt-lineages termed as A, B. An A mt-lineage is further branched into three clades A1, A2, A3. This suggested that at least two different strains of wild Capra might have been the source of the modern domestic goats. Phylogenetic analysis of all haplotypes of this research work was performed with some reported haplotypes of Capra hircus and wild goats. Origin of domestication seemed to be from Europe, Asia and Africa. Our haplotypes have close relationship with Cashmiree breed, inner Mangolia and probably have originated from wild Capra aegagrus.
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