Emerging Pathogenic Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Strains in Veterinary Medicine (Narrative Review)
Emerging Pathogenic Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Strains in Veterinary Medicine (Narrative Review)
Temitope A. Olanipekun1, Fiyinfoluwa Demilade Ojeniyi2,3, Oyelayo Itunuoluwa Celestina3, Adeola Deborah Ayanyinka1, Abiona Olaide Habeeb1, Olowe Rita Ayanbolade1, Olusola Ojurongbe1,3, Oluyinka Oladele Opaleye1,3 and Olugbenga Adekunle Olowe1,3*
ABSTRACT
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a burden bacterium of considerable concern in veterinary medicine, presenting substantial problems to both animal and human health. Staphylococcus aureus is a primary etiological agent of healthcare- and community-associated infections globally and has been increasingly identified in veterinary environments. Infected animals act as reservoirs for zoonotic transmission, posing human health implications. The worldwide burden of MRSA in veterinary settings varies significantly, with incidence rates differing by region and species, posing zoonotic risks and complicating infection control strategies in both affluent and developing countries. Contaminated meat products may promote the transmission of S. aureus, especially multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, among meat handlers, slaughterhouse workers, and consumers. MRSA infections continue to provide management challenges owing to pervasive antibiotic resistance. Alarmingly, several MRSA strains have shown diminished sensitivity or resistance to vancomycin, a last-resort antibiotic. Comprehending the transmission dynamics and resistance mechanisms of MRSA is essential for formulating effective management measures and alleviating its effects on both animal and human health. This review examines various topics, including the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in veterinary environments, the incidence of multidrug-resistant S. aureus among meat handlers and abattoir personnel, the aetiology and manifestations of MRSA infections in animals, diagnostic difficulties, treatment and management approaches, public health ramifications, and preventive strategies.
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