Haplotype Diversity of 17 Y Chromosomal STRs in Jat Population of Pakistan

To explore the genetic portrait of Pakistani Jat population, a total of 143 blood samples from healthy unrelated male individuals were collected from Punjab Pakistan, with their informed consent. The genomic DNA extraction was carried out by organic extraction procedure (Signer et al., 1988) followed by DNA quantification on ABI7500 Real-Time PCR using Quantifiler Kit (Barbisin et al., 2009) and amplification through AmpFISTR®Yfiler™PCR kit. The amplified PCR product was run for capillary electrophoresis on ABI Genetic Analyzer 3730xl and the genotype data was analyzed on Gene Mapper ID software v3.2. Allele frequencies, power of discrimination and match probability were calculated through PowerStat software v1.2 (Tereba, 1999). Powermarker v3.25 was used for estimation of haplotype frequency, polymorphism information content and gene diversity (Liu and Muse, 2005). Pairwise Rst p-values for Y-STR haplotypes and MDS of Jat population with 22 reference populations were generated through AMOVA tool available at YHRD database (Willuweit et al., 2007), whereas haplogroups were determined through online tool at Haplogroup Predictor (http://www.hprg.com/hapest5/).

Among 143 unrelated male individuals, a total of 131 haplotypes were found with 124 unique haplotypes while seven haplotypes were repeated more than once. The highest haplotype diversity value obtained was 0.996 as given in Supplementary Table I. Among seventeen Y-STR loci, highest power of discrimination, polymorphism information content and gene diversity were observed as 0.907, 0.854 and 0.807, respectively at locus DYS385a/b (Table I). The allele 15 was found most frequent at locus DYS456 with frequency value of 0.699. MDS plot clearly depicts that Jat population is clustered in close proximity to Haryana India, Pakistani Sheikh, Gujjar, Sindhi, Karnataka India and Andhra Pradesh population while Urdu Punjabi (Christians), Arain Pakistani and Turkish also shared the same quadrant. However, rest of the populations were scattered in different quadrants as shown in Figure 1. The most common haplogroup observed in studied population was R1a (42%) likewise to previous study reporting R1a as major haplogroup in Eurasia and Indian geographic

MP, matching probability; PD, power of discrimination; PIC, polymorphism information content; GD, gene diversity; STRs, short tandem repeats.

regions (Singh et al., 2018). The population data of Jat Punjab, Pakistan was submitted to YHRD (www.yhrd.org) with accession number YA004734. The data generated through this study would be very helpful in population genetics, forensic applications and the Y-STR database development.

There is supplementary material associated with this article. Access the material online at: https://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/20210805110806

All authors have declared no conflict of interest.