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Case Reports · Volume 1, Issue 3, 22 November 2014 · Open Access

Clinical, Pathological and Molecular Investigations of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus Infection in Goats from Turkana County in Kenya

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Affiliations & Notes ⌄
  1. 1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625 Uthiru
  2. 2Faculty of Arts, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197- 00100 Nairobi
  3. 3University of Nairobi Institute of Tropical & Infectious Diseases (UNITID), P.O. Box 19676-00202 Nairobi, Kenya
Article Info ⌄
Journal:
Hosts and Viruses
Published:
22 November 2014
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From the article

  • Clinical, Pathological and Molecular Investigations of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus Infection in Goats from Turkana County in Kenya.
  • Abstract | Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), an economically important morbillivirus infection of sheep and goats, is widely distributed in Middle East, Central and South Asia, China and Africa.
  • Whereas PPR antibodies were first reported in Kenyan small stock as early as 1995, the clinical disease was observed later in 2006 following dramatic and devastating PPR outbreaks in Turkana County.
  • In this context, an outbreak of PPRV was observed in Tukana County in 2011 and the current study detail the clinical, pathological and laboratory findings of this outbreak.

Selected from the article's own text.

Abstract

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), an economically important morbillivirus infection of sheep and goats, is widely distributed in Middle East, Central and South Asia, China and Africa. Whereas PPR antibodies were first reported in Kenyan small stock as early as 1995, the clinical disease was observed later in 2006 following dramatic and devastating PPR outbreaks in Turkana County. In this context, an outbreak of PPRV was observed in Tukana County in 2011 and the current study detail the clinical, pathological and laboratory findings of this outbreak. The disease was clinically manifested by the depression, diarrhea, difficult breathing, muco-purulent ocular-nasal discharges with matted eyelids and encrusted nostrils and finally death. Clinical outcome, gross lesions and histological observations were suggestive of PPRV infection, which were confirmed by the application of a reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Collectively, results indicate the continuous persistence of PPRV in Kenya.

Acknowledgements

This is to acknowledge “The Regional Universities Forum for Capacity Building in Agriculture” (RUFORUM) (RU/CFP/CGS/TADS/09/1) for financial support as well as Vetworks Eastern Africa for their logistical assistance towards this study. Acknowledgement also goes to University of Nairobi Institute of Tropical & Infectious Diseases (UNITID) for providing their molecular laboratories to carry out the molecular analysis of this study which was part of corresponding author’s PhD research work.

Authors Contribution

Kihu S.M., Oyugi J.O., E. Lutomia and Gitao C.G. collected the data, created the electronic database and cleaned and processed and analyzed the molecular experiments. Kihu S.M., Karanja D.N. and Bebora L.C. conceived study analysis methods. Kihu S.M. drafted the manuscript assisted by Gitao C.G., Bebora L.C., Njenga M.J., and Wairire G.G. Gitao C.G., Bebora L.C., Njenga M. J., Wairire G.G., Maingi N. and Wahome R.G. raised funding for the study and assisted its coordination. All authors helped with the interpretation of the results and read and approved the final manuscript.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1.

A. Goat suspected to have PPR infection in a depressed state, B. Diarrhoea and soiled anal region and hind legs, C. Showing muco-purulent ocular nasal discharges, matting of eye lids and encrusted.

Figure 2
Figure 2.

A. Inflamed lung showing hepatized apical lobe in goat, B. Hyperaeic intestinal mucosa showing hemorrhagic points, C. Swollen mesenteric lymph node (arrow) and congested mesenteric veins.

Figure 3
Figure 3.

A. Lung of goat showing collapsed alveoli, B. infiltration with mononuclear cell in the alveoli and multinucleated syncitia, C. Large intestine showing proliferation of goblet cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells.

References

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