South Asian Journal of Life Sciences
Research Article
Floristic Inventory of Baghdad-Ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Hafiz Muhammad Wariss1, 2, 3*, Saeed Ahmad4, Khurshid Alam5, Naila Sarwer6, Shazia Anjum3
1Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China; 2Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China; 3Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan; 4University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan; 5Department of Forestry, Rang & Wildlife Management, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan; 6Department of Botany, Bahawalnagar Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
Abstract | The aim of the present study was to record the floristic composition and to make an account of plant diversity of Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur covering an area of 1250 Acres. The area was divided into three categories as cultivated area, desert area and faculty area. The area was systematically explored and 305 plant species belonging to 235 genera and 78 families were recorded. Poaceae was found to be the largest family with 45 species followed by Papilionaceae (23 species), Asteraceae (18 species), Euphorbiaceae (12 species), Solanaceae (12 species), Mimosaceae (11 species), Cucurbitaceae (10 species), Moraceae (8 species), Apocynaceae (7 species), Aizoaceae (6 species), Boraginaceae (6 species) and Brassicaceae (6 species). The faculty area had thehighest number of plant species (257) species followed by the cultivated area (191)then the desert area (60). The findings of this study will guide strategies aimed at better management of plant resources in the area.
Keywords | Baghdad-ul-jadeed campus, Natural vegetation, Cultivated plants, Life form, Floristic diversity.
Editor | Muhammad Nauman Zahid, Quality Operations Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Received | May 11, 2017 Accepted | June 14, 2017; Published | June 29, 2017
*Correspondence | Hafiz Muhammad Wariss, Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China; Email: muhammad@mail.kib.ac.cn
Citation | Wariss HM, Ahmad S, Alam K, Sarwer N, Anjum S (2017). Floristic inventory of Baghdad-ul-jadeed campus, the Islamia university of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. S. Asian J. Life Sci. 5(1): 5-18.
DOI | http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.sajls/2017/5.1.5.18
ISSN | 2311–0589
Copyright © 2017 Wariss et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Introduction
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur is located in Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Bahawalpur has always been a seat of higher learning. Uch Sharif (a nearby ancient town) had one of the largest universities in the world where scholars from all over the world studied. As a continuation of this tradition a religious university (Jamia Abbasia) was established at Bahawalpur in 1925, following the academic pursuits of Jamia Al-Azhar, Egypt. The renowned scholars spread the beacon of Islam by teaching Tafseer of Quran, Hadith, Fiqh and History along with other contemporary subjects. In view of changing scenario, Jamia Abbasia was declared a general University in 1975, and renamed as The Islamia University of Bahawalpur. Initially, it started functioning at Abbasia and Khawaja Fareed Campus with ten departments. In order to construct a modern and self-contained campus, 1250 acres of land was allotted to the university on eight Kilometer Bahawalnagar road (Figure 1).
The Baghdad-ul-Jadeed campus, the Islamia University of Bahawalpur (Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, IUB) has three basic habitats, i.e. cultivated area is specific for crop cultivation and agricultural experiment practices, desert area having sand dunes supporting xeric vegetation and faculty area specified for educational, administration, residential and recreational buildings of the campus. The climate of the area is of subtropical continental type, characterized by high temperature, low relative humidity, high rate of evaporation, strong summer winds and low and sporadic rain fall. Annual rainfall ranges between 90-200 mm and temperature between -2ᴼC 50ᴼC. The soil is made up of alluvial deposits with cultivated area loamy soil, while the desert areas clayey loam soil with low sand dunes at scattered places (Hameed at al., 2002).
![](https://researcherslinks.com/nexus_uploads/figures/20170829235206.png)
Figure 1: Map of Baghadad-ul-Jadeed Campus, IUB, Pakistan. (Source: Geography Department; The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan)
The floristic studies of an area are a prerequisite for ecological and phytogeographical studies and conservation management activities. From an ecological point of view, studies on vegetation structure need to link the flora and vegetation with habitat types (Nicholes, 1930). Floristic inventories provide a baseline for future taxonomic, ecological, ethnobotanical, phytochemical investigations and conservation managements. Ecosystems are continually changing due to pollution, deforestation, habitat destruction and fragmentation. Thus periodic updating of floral diversity in the form of checklists of a region is necessary to understand species to species and species to environment interactions (Tastad et al., 2010; Shaheen et al., 2014; Shinwari et al., 2012, 2015). Many researchers have worked on floristic inventories, composition and vegetation structure in different parts of Pakistan and also floristic studies of different universities campuses also recorded (Sant, 1962; Singh, 1967; Arshad and Rao, 1994; Arshad and Akbar, 2002; Qureshi et al., 2011; Singh, 2011; Ahmad et al., 2012; Malik et al., 2013; Choudhary et al., 2014; Wariss et al., 2013, 2014a, 2014b, 2015).The present study sought to document the floristic diversity, update species naming with local names and determine species distribution in the study area. It will be helpful and serve for the conservation and sustainable management of plant resources of the area.
Materials and methods
An extensive survey was carried out in the study area during the period between the years 2010-2012 with the objective of collecting plant specimens. The study area was divided into three categories on the basis of topography, soil condition and vegetation type: cultivated, desert and faculty areas. The life form, habit, wild/cultivated status was also observed and recorded. The collected specimens were identified based on previous flora descriptions (Jafri, 1966; Chaudhary 1969-1989, Ali and Nasir, 1989-1992, Ali and Qaiser, 1986; Ali and Qaiser, 1993-2007; Bhandari, 1987, THE PLANT LIST).
Results and Discussion
A total of 306 plant species belonging to 235 genera and 78 families were identified. The major plant families that contributed in the formation of vegetation of the study area were Poaceae with 45 species followed by Papilionaceae (23 species), Asteraceae (18 species), Solanaceae (12 species), Euphorbiaceae (12 species), Cucurbitaceae (10 species), Mimosaceae (11 species) and Moraceae (8 species). The complete checklist of species along with their family names in alphabetical order, local name, presence in cultivated, desert and faculty area (Habitat wise distribution) and wild or cultivated species, habit and also life form is given in (Table 1, Figure 2 and 3). The floristic composition represented by Gymnosperms with 4 families of 5 genera and 5 species while Angiosperms represented by 73 families, of which 65 families of dicots with 185 genera and 242 species while monocots contributing with 59 species, 45 genera and9 families (Table 2).
The faculty area mostly comprises wild and exotic shrubs and trees such as Alstonia scholaris, Nerium oleander, Plumeria rubra, Cassia fistula, Halorrhena pubescens, Tecoma stans, Bombax ceiba, Cordia myxa, Delonix regia, Canna indica, Conocarpus erectus, Quisqualis indica, Terminalai arjuna, Cupressus sempervirens, Thuja orientalis, Jatropha curcas, Lagerstroemia indica, Lagerstroemia speciosa, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Azadirachta indica, Melia azedarach, Albizia lebbeck, Leucaena lecuocephala, Ficus bengalensis, Ficus religiosa, Moringa oleifera, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Bougainvillea glabra, Pongamia pinnata, Saraca asoca, Calligonum polygonoides, Rosa indica, and Tamarix aphylla.
In faculty area, grassy lawn also having some wild grasses and herbaceous species as Cenchrus biflorus, Cenchrus ciliaris, Cymbopogon jwarancusa, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Cynodon dactylon, Dichanthium annulatum, Digitaria sanguinalis, Panicum antidotale, Ochthochloa compressa, Poa annua, Vicia sativa, Oxalis corniculata, Fumaria indica, Euphorbia prostrata, Sonchus asper and Launaea nudicaulis.
![](https://researcherslinks.com/nexus_uploads/figures/20170829234145.png)
Figure 2: Floristic composition, habitat distribution, wild or cultivated species and life form at Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, IUB.
Table 2: Comprehensive breakdown of plant groups at Baghdad-ul Jadeed Campus, IUB.
Plant Group |
Genera |
Species |
Families |
Gymnosperms |
5 |
5 |
4 |
Dicots |
185 |
241 |
65 |
Monocots |
45 |
59 |
9 |
Total |
235 |
305 |
78 |
Several of the naturally growing herbs, Shrubs and woody species in the desert area like Acacia nilotica, Acacia jacquemonti, Capparis decidua, Calotropis procera, Aerva javanica, Dipterygium glaucum, Dalbergia sissoo, Leptadenia pyrotechnica, Crotalaria burhia, Asphodelus tenuifolius, Limeum indicum, Launaea resedifolia, Heliotropium crispum, Nonea edgeworthii, Farsetia hamiltonii, Haloxylon salicornicum, Suaeda fruticosa, Citrullus colocynthis, Boerhavia repens, Solanum surattense, Corchorus depressus and Tribulus terrestris.
Different crops grown in cultivated area which also having some weeds as Digera muricata, Carthamus oxycantha, Cirsium arvense, Conyza bonariensis, Eclipta alba, Coronopus didymus, Stellaria media, Anagallis arvensis, Cyperus rotundus, Melilotus officinalis, Echinochloa colona, and Solanum nigrum.
The majority of the plant species in the study area were cultivated species. It is interesting that the majority of the cultivated plants were the ornamentals, few species was edible ones and many having a medicinal value. In conclusion, University campuses are very diverse and dynamic systems which contain wild and many locally adapted crops, also known as landraces. Hence, these are particularly interesting for in situ conservation and sustainable management of plant resources.
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Prof Dr. Muhammad Arshad (Late) who suggested and guided during this study and Muditha Kasun Meegahakumbura, Wambulwa Moses Chelotito review manuscript.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interest.
Author contribution
Hafiz Muhammad Wariss collected field data and prepared early draft of manuscript while help in preparing and designing the manuscript and figures.
References
Table 1: A complete list of distribution, status (cultivated/wild), habit andlife form of plant species at Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, IUB.
Family |
Species |
Local Name |
Cultivated area |
Desert Area |
Faculty Area |
Cultivated/ Wild |
Habit |
Life Form |
Agavaceae |
Frucraea foetida (L.) Haw. |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
|
Aizoaceae |
Gisekia pharnaceoides L. |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Limeum indicum Stocks ex T. Anderson |
- |
+ |
- |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
||
Sesuvium sesuvioides(Fenzl) Verdc. |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
||
Trianthema portulacastrum L. |
Lal itsit |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Trianthema triquetra Rottl. and Willd. |
Alvaiti |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Zaleya pentandra (Linn.) Jeffrey |
It sit |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Amaranthaceae |
Achyranthes asperaLinn. |
Phut kanda |
+ |
- |
- |
Wild |
Shrub |
Perennial |
Aerva javanica(Burm. F.) Juss. Ex J.A. Schultes |
Bui |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Shrub |
Perennial |
|
Alternanthera sessilis(Linn.) DC. |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Perennial |
||
Amaranthus viridisLinn. |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
||
Digera muricata(L.) Mart. |
Tandula |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Anacardiaceae |
Mangifera indica L. |
Aam |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
Apiaceae |
Anethum graveolens Linn. |
Soy |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
Foeniculum vulgareMill. |
Saunf |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Cultivated |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague |
Ajwain |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Apocynaceae |
Alstonia scholaris(Linn.) R.Br. |
Gul-shetaan |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
Carissa carandas Linn. |
Karanjwa |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
|
Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.) Wall. Ex G. Don |
Chandni |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
|
Nerium oleander Linn. |
Kaner |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
|
Plumeria rubra L. |
Gul cheen |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
|
Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) R.Br. ex Roem. & Schult. |
Chiti chandni |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
|
Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) Schum. |
Peeli kaner |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
|
Araucariaceae |
Araucaria cunninghamii Sweet |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
|
Arecaceae |
Livistona chinensis (N.J. Jacquin) R. Brown ex Martius |
Fan Palm |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
Phoenix dactylifera Linn. |
Khajor |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
|
Phoenix sylvestris(Linn.) Roxb. |
Khaji |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Tree |
Perennial |
|
Asclepiadaceae |
Calotropis procera (Ait.) Ait. F. |
Ak |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Shrub |
Perennial |
Caralluma edulis (Edgew.) Hook. f. |
Seetu |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Leptadenia pyrotechnica(Forssk.) Decne. |
Khip |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Shrub |
Perennial |
|
Asparagaceae |
Asparagus officinalis L. |
Asparagus |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Climber |
Perennial |
Asphodelaceae |
Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav. |
Piazi |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
Asteraceae |
Carthamus oxycantha M.Bieb. |
Poli |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
Carthamus tinctorius L. |
Qurtam |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Cichorium intybus L. |
Kasni |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. |
Laih |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Conyza bonariensis (L.)Cronquist. |
Phulni |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Perennial |
|
Echinops echinatus Roxb. |
Unt katara |
- |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. |
Bhangra |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Perennial |
|
Helianthus annuus L. |
Soraj mukhi |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Annual |
|
Laphangium luteoalbum |
- |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
||
Launaea nudicaulis (L.) Hook.f. |
Bhattal |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Perennial |
|
Launaea resedifolia Druce |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Perennial |
||
Orbivestus cinerascens Sch.Bip. |
- |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Shrub |
Perennial |
||
Pulicaria crispa Sch.Bip. |
Bui |
- |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Perennial |
|
Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. |
Unt katara |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Sonchus arvensis L. |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
||
Sonchus asper (L.) Hill. |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
||
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
|||
Xanthium strumarium L. |
Leedha |
+ |
- |
- |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Bignoniaceae |
Tecoma stans(Linn.) Juss. Ex H |
Tecoma |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
Campsis radicans(Linn.) Seem. |
Tecoma bail |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Climber |
Perennial |
|
Bombacaceae |
Bombax ceiba Linn. |
Sumbal |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
Boraginaceae |
Cordia myxa L. |
Lasora |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
Gastrocotyle hispida (Forssk.) Bunge |
+ |
+ |
- |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
||
Heliotropium crispumDesf. |
Kali bui |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Perennial |
|
Heliotropium europaeum L. |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
||
Heliotropium strigosum Willd. |
- |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
||
Nonea edgeworthiiA. DC. |
+ |
- |
- |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
||
Brassicaceae |
Coronopus didymus (Linn.) Smith |
Jangli Haloon |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
Eruca sativa Mill. |
Tara mera |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Farsetia hamiltonii Royle |
Fareed buti |
- |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Perennial |
|
Lepidium sativumLinn. |
Halion |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Malcolmia africana(Linn.) R. Br. |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
||
Sisymbrium irio Linn. |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
||
Caesalpiniaceae |
Bauhinia purpurea Linn. |
Kachnar |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
Cassia fistula Linn. |
Amal tas |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
|
Cassia occidentalis Linn. |
Chasko |
+ |
- |
- |
Wild |
Shrub |
Annual |
|
Delonix regia(Bojer) Rafin. |
Gold mohar |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
|
Parkinsonia aculeata Linn. |
Walaiti kikar |
- |
+ |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
|
Cannaceae |
Canna flaccida Salisb |
Gul-aqeeq peeli |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Herb |
Perennial |
Canna indica Linn. |
Gul-aqeeq surkh |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Herb |
Perennial |
|
Capparidaceae |
Capparis decidua(Forssk.) Edgew. |
Karir, deela |
- |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Shrub |
Perennial |
Capparis spinosa Linn. |
Deela |
- |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Perennial |
|
Cleome viscosa L. |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
||
Dipterygium glaucumDecne. |
Fehl |
- |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Perennial |
|
Caryophyllaceae |
Arenaria serpyllifolia L. |
- |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Spergula arvensis L. |
+ |
- |
- |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
||
Spergularia media(L.) Presl |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
||
Stellaria media (L.) Vill |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
||
Chenopodiaceae |
Chenopodium album Linnaeus |
Bathu |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
Chenopodium muraleLinnaeus |
Krund |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Haloxylon salicornicum(Moq.) Bunge ex Boiss. |
Lana |
- |
+ |
- |
Wild |
Shrub |
Perennial |
|
Salsola imbricata Forssk. |
Lani |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Shrub |
Perennial |
|
Suaeda fruticosaForssk. Ex J. F. Gmelin |
Kali lani |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Shrub |
Perennial |
|
Combretaceae |
Conocorpus erectus L. |
- |
+ |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
|
Quisqualis indica Linn. |
Jhumka bail |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Climber |
Perennial |
|
Terminalia arjuna(Roxb. Ex DC.) Wight & Arm |
Arjan |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
|
Convolvulaceae |
Convolvulus arvensis Linn. |
Vanvari |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Perennial |
Cucurbitaceae |
Citrullus colocynthis(Linn.) Schrad. |
Kor tumma |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Perennial |
Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mats. & Nakai |
Tarbooz |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Praecitrullus fistulosus (Stocks) Pangalo |
Tinday |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Cucumis melosubsp.melovar. melo |
Kharbooza |
+ |
- |
- |
Cultivated |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Cucumis melosubsp.agrestisvar.agrestis Naudin |
Chibhar |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Cucumis sativus Linn. |
Kheera |
+ |
- |
- |
Cultivated |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Cucurbita moschata (Duch. Ex Lam.) Duch. Ex Poir. |
Halwa-kadoo |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Luffa cylindrica (Linn.) Roem. |
Ghia-tori |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Momordica charantia Linn. |
Karela |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Mukia maderaspatana(Linn.) M.J. Roem. |
Chirati |
+ |
- |
- |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Cupressaceae |
Cupressus sempervirens L. |
Saroo |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
Thuja orientalis L. |
Mor-pankh |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
|
Cuscutaceae |
Cuscuta reflexa L. |
Akas-bail |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Parasite |
Annual |
Cycadaceae |
Cycas revolutaThunb. |
Cycas |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
Cyperaceae |
Cyperus rotundusLinnaeus |
Murki |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Sedge |
Perennial |
Euphorbiaceae |
Chrozophora plicata (Vahl) A. Juss. Ex Spreng. |
Neel-kari |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
Euphorbia granulataForssk. |
Hazar dani |
+ |
- |
- |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Euphorbia helioscopia L. |
Chatri dhodak |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Euphorbia hirta L. |
Dhodal |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Euphorbia prostrataAit. |
Hazar dani |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Euphorbia royleanaBoiss. |
Danda thor |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
|
Euphorbia tirucalli L. |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
||
Jatropha integerrima Jacq. |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
||
Jatropha curcas L. |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
||
Phyllanthus emblica L. |
Amla |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
|
Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
||
Ricinus communis L. |
Arind, harnoli |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
|
Fumariaceae |
Fumaria indica(Hausskn.) Pugsley |
Pit-papra |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
Gentianaceae |
Centaurium pulchellum(Sw.) Druce |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Lamiaceae |
Lallemantia royleana (Benth.) Benth. |
Tukhm malanga |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Herb |
Annual |
Mentha arvensis L. |
Podina |
+ |
- |
- |
Cultivated |
Herb |
Perennial |
|
Ocimum basilicum L. |
Niazbo |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Herb |
Perennial |
|
Ocimum tenuiflorum L. |
Tulsi |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Herb |
Perennial |
|
Liliaceae |
Allium cepa Linn. |
Piaz |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Herb |
Annual |
Allium sativum Linn. |
Thoom,Lahsin |
+ |
- |
- |
Cultivated |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Aloe vera (L.) Burm. F. |
Kanwar gandal |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Herb |
Perennial |
|
Ruscus hypophyllum Linn. |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
||
Linaceae |
Linum usitatissimum Linn. |
Alsi |
+ |
- |
- |
Cultivated |
Herb |
Annual |
Lytheraceae |
Lagerstroemia indica Linn. |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
|
Lagerstroemia speciosa(Linn.) Pers. |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
||
Lawsonia inermis Linn. |
Mehndi |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
|
Malvaceae |
Abelmoschus esculentus(Linn.) Moench |
Bhindi |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Annual |
Abutilon muticum(Del.ex DC.) Sweet |
Akari |
+ |
- |
- |
Wild |
Shrub |
Perennial |
|
Gossypium hirsutum Linn. |
Kappas |
+ |
- |
- |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Annual |
|
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn. |
Show flower |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
|
Malvastrum coromendelianum(Linn.) Garcke |
+ |
- |
- |
Wild |
Shrub |
Perennial |
||
Meliaceae |
Azadirachta indica Adr. Juss. |
Neem |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
Melia azedarach Linn. |
Bakain |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
|
Mimosaceae |
Acacia ampliceps Maslin |
Australian kikar |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
Acacia farnesiana (Linn.) Willd. |
Australian kikar |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
|
Acacia jacquemontiiBenth. |
Banwali |
- |
+ |
- |
Wild |
Tree |
Perennial |
|
Acacia nilotica(Linn.) Delile |
Kikar |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Tree |
Perennial |
|
Acacia victoriae Benth. |
Australian kikar |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
|
Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. |
Shareen |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
|
Leucaena leucocephala(Lam.) de Wit |
Ipil-Ipil |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
|
Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. |
Jangal jalebi |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
|
Prosopis cineraria(Linn.) Druce |
Jand |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Tree |
Perennial |
|
Prosopis glandulosa Torr. |
Maskit |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Tree |
Perennial |
|
Prosopis juliflora(Swartz) DC. |
Maskit |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Tree |
Perennial |
|
Molluginaceae |
Mollugo cerviana (L.) Seringe |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Moraceae |
Ficus bengalensis L. |
Bohir |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
Ficus benjamina L. |
Ficus |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
|
Ficus carica L. |
Anjeer |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
|
Ficus elasticaRoxb. Ex Hornem. |
Rubber plant |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
|
Ficus infectoria |
Pilkhan |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
|
Ficus religiosa L. |
Peepal |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
|
Morus alba L. |
Toot |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
|
Morus macroura Miq. |
Shatoot |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
|
Moringaceae |
Moringa oleifera Lam. |
Suhajna |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
Musaceae |
Musa paradisica Linn. |
Keela |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Herb |
Perennial |
Myrtaceae |
Callistemon lanceolatus (Sm.) Sweet. |
Bottle brush |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. |
Safeeda |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
|
Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. |
Safeeda |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
|
Eugenia jambolana Lam. |
Jaman |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
|
Psidium guajava L. |
Amrood |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
|
Neuradaceae |
Neurada procumbens L. |
Chapri |
- |
+ |
- |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
Nyctaginaceae |
Boerhavia repens Linn. |
Biskhapra |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Perennial |
Bougainvillea glabraChoisy |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
||
Bougainvillea spectabilisWilld. |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
||
Oleaceae |
Jasminum grandiflorum Linn. |
Chambali |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
Jasminum humile Linn. |
Chambali |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
|
Jasminum sambac(Linn.) Ait. |
Motia |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
|
Olea europaea Linn. |
Zaitoon |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
|
Oxalidaceae |
Oxalis corniculata L. |
Khatti booti |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Perennial |
Papaveraceae |
Argemone mexicana Linn. |
Sattya nasi |
+ |
- |
- |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
Papaver somniferum Linn. |
Khaskhas |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Papilionaceae |
Alhagi maurorumMedic. |
Jamahan |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Shrub |
Perennial |
Crotalaria burhiaBuch.-Ham. Ex Benth. |
Chag |
- |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Shrub |
Perennial |
|
Crotalaria medicaginea var. medicaginea |
+ |
- |
- |
Wild |
Shrub |
Annual |
||
Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (Linn.) Taubert |
Gawar |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Annual |
|
Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. |
Sheesham |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Tree |
Perennial |
|
Erythrina suberosa Roxb. |
Gul-nishtar |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
|
Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. |
Mulathi |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
|
Indigofera sessiliflora DC. |
+ |
- |
- |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
||
Medicago polymorpha Linn. |
Maina |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Medicago sativa Linn. |
Lucran |
+ |
- |
- |
Cultivated |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Melilotus albaDesr. |
Sinji chiti |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Melilotus officinalis (Linn.) Pall. |
Sinji peeli |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Psoralea corylifolia Linn. |
Banchi |
- |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Rhynchosia capitata (Heyne ex Roth) DC. |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
||
Rhynchosia minima (Linn.) DC. |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Perennial |
||
Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek |
Mongi dal |
+ |
- |
- |
Cultivated |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Pongamia pinnata (Linn.) Pierre |
Sukh chan |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
|
Saraca asoca (Roxb.) de Wilde |
Ulta ashok |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
|
Sesbania sesban var. sesban |
Jantar |
+ |
- |
- |
Wild |
Shrub |
Annual |
|
Trifolium alexandrianum Linn. |
Berseem |
+ |
- |
- |
Cultivated |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Trigonella monantha ssp.incisa (Benth.) Ali |
+ |
- |
- |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
||
Vicia sativa Linn. |
Rawari |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Vigna unguiculata subsp. cylindirica (Linn.) van Eseltine |
Rawan |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Annual |
|
Pedaliaceae |
Sesamum indicum Linn. |
Til |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Herb |
Annual |
Pinaceae |
Pinus roxburghiiSargent |
Pinus |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
Piperaceae |
Piper nigrum L. |
Kali mirch |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
Plantaginaceae |
Plantago ovataForssk. |
Isabghol |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Herb |
Annual |
Poaceae |
Aristida adscensionis Linn. |
Lumb |
- |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Grass |
Annual |
Aristida funiculataTrin. & Rupr. |
Lumb |
- |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Grass |
Annual |
|
Arundo donax Linn. |
Narra |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Grass |
Perennial |
|
Avena fatua subsp. meridionalis Malz. |
Jai, Javi |
+ |
- |
- |
Cultivated |
Grass |
Annual |
|
Bambusa glaucescens (Willd.) Sieb. Ex Munro |
Bans |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Grass |
Perennial |
|
Brachiaria reptens(Linn.) Gardner & Hubbard |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Grass |
Annual |
||
Cenchrus biflorusRoxb. |
Leedha |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Grass |
Annual |
|
Cenchrus ciliaris Linn. |
Dhaman |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Grass |
Perennial |
|
Cenchrus setigerusVahl |
Dhaman |
+ |
+ |
- |
Wild |
Grass |
Perennial |
|
Chloris gayana Kunth |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Grass |
Perennial |
||
Cymbopogon jwarancusa(Jones) Schult. |
Qatran, Khawi |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Grass |
Perennial |
|
Cymbopogon citratuts (DC.)Stapf. |
Lemon grass |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Grass |
Perennial |
|
Cynodon dactylon(Linn.) Pers. |
Khabar, talla |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Grass |
Perennial |
|
Dactyloctenium aegyptium(Linn.) Willd. |
Madhana ghaa |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Grass |
Annual |
|
Desmostachya bipinnata(Linn.) Stapf |
Dhabb |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Grass |
Perennial |
|
Dichanthium annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Grass |
Annual |
||
Digitaria sanguinalis (Linn.) scop. |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Grass |
Annual |
||
Diplachne fusca(Linn.) P. Beauv. Ex Roem. & Schult. |
Kallar gha |
+ |
- |
- |
Wild |
Grass |
Perennial |
|
Echinochloa colona(Linn.) Link |
Sawank |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Grass |
Annual |
|
Eleusine indica(Linn.) Gaertn. |
- |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Grass |
Annual |
||
Eragrostis barrelieri Day. |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Grass |
Annual |
||
Hordeum vulgare Linn. |
Jao |
+ |
- |
- |
Cultivated |
Grass |
Annual |
|
Imperata cylindrica(Linn) Raeuschel. |
+ |
- |
- |
Wild |
Grass |
Perennial |
||
Lasiurus scindicusHenr. |
Sewan |
- |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Grass |
Perennial |
|
Ochthochloa compressa(Forssk.) Hilu |
Ghandhel, Chember |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Grass |
Perennial |
|
Panicum antidotaleRetz. |
Murrat |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Grass |
Perennial |
|
Panicum turgidum Forssk. |
Bansi ghaa |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Grass |
Perennial |
|
Paspalum paspalodes (Michx.) Scribner |
+ |
- |
- |
Wild |
Grass |
Perennial |
||
Pennisetum divisum (Gmel.) Henr. |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Grass |
Perennial |
||
Pennisetum glaucum (Linn.) R. Br. |
Bajra |
+ |
- |
- |
Cultivated |
Grass |
Annual |
|
Phalaris minor Retz. |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Grass |
Annual |
||
Poa annuaLinn. |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Grass |
Annual |
||
Polypogon monspeliensis(Linn.) Desf. |
Dumbi citi |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Grass |
Annual |
|
Saccharum bengalenseRetz. |
Sarkanda, Kana |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Grass |
Perennial |
|
Saccharum officinarumLinn. |
Ganna |
+ |
- |
- |
Cultivated |
Grass |
Perennial |
|
Saccharum spontaneumLinn. |
Sachi sir |
+ |
+ |
- |
Wild |
Grass |
Perennial |
|
Setaria pumila(Poir.) Roem. & Schult. |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Grass |
Annual |
||
Setaria verticillata (Linn.) P. Beauv. |
- |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Grass |
Annual |
||
Sorghum halepense (Linn.) Pers. |
Baroo |
- |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Grass |
Annual |
|
Sorghum bicolor (Linn.) Moench. |
Jawar |
+ |
- |
- |
Cultivated |
Grass |
Annual |
|
Sporobolus ioclados(Nees ex Trin.) Nees |
- |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Grass |
Perennial |
||
Tragus roxburghiiPanigrahi |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Grass |
Annual |
||
Triticum aestivumLinn. |
Gandam |
+ |
- |
- |
Cultivated |
Grass |
Annual |
|
Vetiveria zizanioides (Linn.) Nash |
Khaskhas |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Grass |
Perennial |
|
Zea maysLinn. |
Maki, Corn |
+ |
- |
- |
Cultivated |
Grass |
Annual |
|
Polygonaceae |
Calligonum polygonoides Linnaeus |
Phog |
- |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Tree |
Perennial |
Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M. Gomes |
Kala vera |
+ |
- |
- |
Wild |
Herb |
Perennial |
|
Rumex dentatusLinnaeus |
Jangli palak |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Portulaceae |
Portulaca oleraceaLinn. |
Launak |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
Portulaca quadrifida Linn. |
Launak |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Primulaceae |
Anagallis arvensis L. |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Punicaceae |
Punica granatum Linn. |
Anar |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
Ranunculaceae |
Nigella sativa L. |
Kalonji |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Herb |
Annual |
Ranunculus muricatus L. |
+ |
- |
- |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
||
Ranunculus sceleratus L. |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
||
Resedaceae |
Oligomeris linifolia(Vahl.) Macbride |
- |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Rhamnaceae |
Zizyphus mauritianaLam. |
Beri |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
Zizyphus nummularia (Burm. F.) Wight & Arn. |
Beri |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
|
Zizyphus spina-christi(L.)Willd. |
Beri |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Shrub |
Perennial |
|
Rosaceae |
Prunus persica(L.) Batsch |
Aroo |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
Rosa banksiaeW. T. Aiton |
Gulab |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
|
Rosa centifolia L. |
Gulab |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
|
Rosa x damascena Herrm. |
Gulab |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
|
Rosa indica L. |
Gulab |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
|
Rubiaceae |
Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
|
Hamelia patensJacquin |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
||
Rutaceae |
Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle |
Kaghzi nimbo |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
Citrus sinensis (Linn.) Osbeck, |
Malta |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
|
Murraya paniculata (Linn) Jack |
Marva |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
|
Salicaceae |
Populus euphratica Olivier |
Popular |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
Salvadoraceae |
Salvadora oleoides Decne |
Jal, Peelu |
- |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Tree |
Perennial |
Sapindaceae |
Dodonaea viscosa (Linn.) Jacq. |
Sanatha |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
Sapotaceae |
Manilkara zapota (L.) P. van Royen |
Chiku |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
Scrophulariaceae |
Leucophyllum candidum I.M. Johnst. |
Silvri |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
Simmondsiaceae |
Simmondsia chinensis |
Jojoba |
- |
+ |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
Solanaceae |
Capsicum annuum L. |
Lal mirch |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
Cestrum nocturnum L. |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
||
Cestrum diurnum L. |
Din-ka-raja |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
|
Datura innoxia Miller |
Dhatora |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Shrub |
Perennial |
|
Lycopersicon esculentumMiller |
Tamatar |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Nicotiana plumbaginifoliaViv. |
Jangli tambakoo |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Physalis divaricata D. Don |
Mamoolay |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Solanum melongena L. |
Baingan |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Solanum nigrum L. |
Mako |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Solanum surattense Burm. F. |
Kaindari |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal |
Paneer |
+ |
- |
- |
Wild |
Shrub |
Perennial |
|
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal |
Ak sin |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Sterculiaceae |
Brachychiton populneum (Schott & Endl.) R. Br. |
+ |
- |
- |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
|
Pterospermum acerifolium (Linn.) Willd. |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Tree |
Perennial |
||
Tamaricaceae |
Tamarix aphylla(L.) Karst. |
Ukhan |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Tree |
Perennial |
Tamarix dioicaRoxb. ex Roch |
Lai |
- |
+ |
- |
Wild |
Shrub |
Perennial |
|
Tiliaceae |
Grewia asiaticaLinn. |
Falsa |
+ |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
Corchorus depressus(Linn.) Stocks |
Boh phalli |
- |
+ |
- |
Wild |
Herb |
Perennial |
|
Corchorus trilocularis Linn. |
+ |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
||
Typhaceae |
Typha domingensis Pers. |
Dib |
- |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Sedge |
Perennial |
Verbanaceae |
Duranta repens Linn. |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Shrub |
Perennial |
|
Lantana camara Linn. |
- |
- |
+ |
Wild |
Shrub |
Perennial |
||
Phyla nodiflora (Linn.) Greene |
Bukan booti |
+ |
- |
- |
Wild |
Herb |
Perennial |
|
Vitaceae |
Vitis vinifera Linn. |
Angoor |
- |
- |
+ |
Cultivated |
Climber |
Perennial |
Zygophyllaceae |
Fagonia bruguieri var. laxa Boiss. |
Damahan |
- |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Perennial |
Peganum harmala Linn. |
Harmal |
- |
+ |
- |
Wild |
Herb |
Perennial |
|
Tribulus longipetalusViv. |
Bhakra |
- |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |
|
Tribulus terrestris Linn. |
Bhakra |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Wild |
Herb |
Annual |