Genetic Analysis of Morpho-Physiological Traits in Sunflower Hybrids
Genetic Analysis of Morpho-Physiological Traits in Sunflower Hybrids
Uzma Ayaz1,* and Muhammad Fareed Khan2
ABSTRACT
Globally among oil seed, sunflower is a major oil contributor with high productivity following cotton and rapeseed. Twenty-five local and imported hybrid seeds along with two check hybrids (Hysun-33 and NKS-278) collected from National Agriculture Research centre Islamabad were field tested at Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir during July and August 2019. The cultivation was carried out in three replications uniformly by applying randomized complete block design (RCBD) by maintaining R x R space of 75 cm and plant to plant space of 20 to 25 cm. The average temperature was varying between 24.3°C (75.7°F) and 34.8°C (94.6°F) throughout the season with 112.8 mm (4.44”) of precipitation. By randomly selecting ten plants per plot data was recorded for various traits i.e. germination percentage, flower initiation days, full flowering days, full development days, total leaves per plant, chlorophyll content (mg/cm-2), height of plant (cm), disk length (cm), thickness of stem (mm), 1000-achene’s weight (g), fresh achene’s weight (g), dry achene’s weight (g) and achene’s yield (kg/ha). This experimental study depicts dependence and linkage of some agronomic factors with other inter-linked traits i.e flowering days, maturing days, width of stem, head diameter, chlorophyll content, leaves per plant, 1000-grains weight, grain yield and oil content. The tree diagram based on average linkage distances of morph-physiological traits grouped the studied traits in two clusters oil contributing traits and yield contributing traits. The cluster (i) included oil contributing traits i.e. flower initiation days, days to flower completion, maturity days, plant height and germination percentage. The cluster (ii) grouped the yield contributing traits chlorophyll content, fresh seed weight, no. of leaves, head diameter, stem thickness, dry seed weight and 1000 grains weight. The correlation studies confirms the results and describes positive and highly significant correlation among initiation of flowering days (0.099**), completion of flowering days (0.015**), seedling percentage (0.022**) with oil percentage. The leaves per plant (0.830*), chlorophyll content (0.749*), height of plant (0.527*) and head diameter (0.406*) were significantly correlated with grains yield. Scatter plot involving PC1 and PC 2 contributing maximum variation (37.57% and 18.92%) reveals hybrids arrangement based on average distances on biplot 0942, 0951, 0924, 0821, NKS-278, Hysun-33, 0932 reported maximum diversity. The hybrids i.e. 0942, 0951, SH-K-6, SH-K-4, 0917, 0916, Sun-star-333, Hysun-33, 0927 and 1023 exhibited maximum seedling emergence, chlorophyll content, leaves per plant, grain yield and oil content hence recommended to be included in future breeding programs of sunflower.
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June 2021
Vol. 37, Iss. 2, Pages 331-713
