Mingqin Shao1*, Bin Chen1, Peng Cui2, Binbin Zeng1 and Jianhong Jiang1
Naheed Zahra*, Hassnain Shah*, M. Azeem Khan* and M. Zubair Anwar*
LIVELIHOOD ASSETS AND POVERTY NEXUS: A CASE STUDY FROM RAINFED POTHWAR AREA OF PAKISTAN
...of 40 households arround watershed project site at Fateh Jang in Pothwar region. The inter-linkage of livelihood assets and poverty is determined by employing poverty score card technique. The poverty status of household was highly correlated with the livelihood sources (P<0.01), water availability for irrigation(P<0.10) and tenancy status (P<0.05). The results regarding poverty revealed that 2.50% of the sampled households were chronically poor, 5.0%...
Dilawar Khan*, Abid Saeed*, Junaid Ahmad*, Imtiaz Qamar**, Fazal Yazdan**, Saleem ud Din** and Muhammad Tariq**
ASSESSMENT OF RIPARIAN VEGETATION IN DHRABI WATERSHED AND CHAKWAL REGION IN PAKISTAN
...land use systems. Dhrabi watershed is one of the areas where, there is a high potential for forage and livestock production. The analysis includes assessment and role of this riparian vegetation which is very helpful for integrated watershed management in different watershed areas. Dhrabi watershed is a catchments area of Dhrabi reservoir and lies in dis...
Muhammad Zulfiqar1*, Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Irshad Khan Abbasi2, Muhammad Tariq2, Jawad Ali3, Melad Karim4 and Rizwan Ahmad1
...ural land. Shigari Kalan watershed is one of the water sheds located in Skardu, Northern Pakistan, which also contributes to River Indus flowing to Pakistan. The aim of instant research is to evaluate the correlation amid temperature and the rate of glacier/snow melt which could have future implications for water availability in the River Indus flowing into Pakistan for which data pertaining to snow/glacier melt from the Shigari Kalan ...
Zhi YiJin1, Shao MingQin1,*, Cui Peng2 and Chen Bin1
...pling in the Poyang Lake watershed in the Jiangxi province, China. The results showed that the Mandarin Ducks’ predominant behaviors were resting (36.56%), swimming (21.75%), foraging (20.88%), and maintenance (15.58%), indicating that during the winter, Mandarin Ducks spend most of their time accumulating energy. Mandarin Ducks reduced their energy consumption by increasing time spent on resting behavior. Females spent more time resting than the males, ...
Muhammad Zulfiqar1*, Irshad Abbasi2, Himayatullah Khan1, Arjumand Nizami3, Abdul Hakeem4, Jawad Ali3 and Muhammad Jamal Khan1
... of July-October. Burgay watershed is situated upstream of Satpara Dam. Water from this watershed is distributed among the communities according to historically agreed distribution patterns. Water availability vary from season to season. The objective of the instant study was to assess the glaciers/snow water dependence of agriculture activities which have implications for livelihood of the communities. The data collection i...
Usman Ali Naeem*, Hashim Nisar*, Habib-ur-Rehman** and Naeem Ejaz*
DEVELOPMENT OF FLOOD DISCHARGE MODELS USING GIS
... Sensing means. Also the watershed analysis of the upstream of Indus river basin was performed, thus fashioning an essential tool for running and setting up of water resources for state.
...
Chen Tongde1, Fakher Abbas1, Jiao Juying1, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz2*, An Shoshan1, Muhammad Ansar3, Qaiser Hussain2, Mah-Noor Azad2 andAyaz Ahmad2
...tigation units (12 small watersheds and 3 rectangular areas) were selected to investigate the types and characteristics of soil erosion, land use types and soil and water conservation measures, from April 16 to 20, 2019. Map interpreted in the early stage was manually recorded and Ovi interactive map APP was used for location photography to record the land use situation of each map spot in the survey unit. The land use situation was revised based on ArcGIS in ...
Saira Batool1, Safdar Ali Shirazi1 and Syed Amer Mahmood2*
... with GIS in the Chakwal watershed-Potwar- Pakistan. It is observed that 70.06% of the Chakwal watershed lies in the tolerable (low erosion), 16.51% in the intermediate range and 13.44% in highly eroded zones of the total Chakwal watershed area. Chakwal watershed is a rainfed and semi-arid with a drainage contributing area of 6524 km2. The RUS...
Shoaib Hameed1, Shakeel Ahmad1, Jaffar Ud Din2 and Muhammad Ali Nawaz3*
...ks delineated on natural watersheds in Pakistan’s Chitral district. Based on questionnaire surveys, sign surveys and direct sighting, Himalayan brown bear presence was confirmed only in the Yarkhun and Laspur valleys. Ninety-six respondents (59 from Laspur Valley and 37 from Broghil Valley) reported a total of 449 livestock losses (90 heads per year) to carnivore species—grey wolf (Canis lupus), snow leopard (Panthera pardus), Himalayan lynx (Lynx ...
Pervez Manan1, Farhat Jabeen1 and Ahmad Zamir2
...habitat, water recharge, watershed conservation and water flow regulation, fodder, etc) are still not accounted properly. Therefore, this study was conducted to ascertain the carbon stock of Pinus gerardiana at the landscape level. The study was conducted in Chilghoza Forest of Suleman Range. Systemic sampling approach was adopted. The circular plots with a radius of 17.84 (0.1 Ha area) were used. In each plot, diameters at breast height (DBH) and heigh...
Rukhsana Kausar1, Mamoona Wali Muhammad2 and Mian Muhammad Shafiq3
...protective services like watershed management, soil protection etc. and most of the Blue pine (Pinus wallichiana) and Chir pine (Pinus roxberghii) lies in Himalayan foot hills. Murree is the most popular hill station lying in foot hills of Himalaya. It is the most popular picnic resort. But other land uses are always threat to remove forests and make commercial areas and housing societies. To prevent land use conflict and to convince planners and...
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari, Muhammad Yousaf Khan Syed Zakir Hussain Shah and Khalid Jan
...istan is situated in the watershed of Indus river having 154 million acre feet annual run off. The Indus river not only serves as the lifeline of the country's agriculture but also capable as power machine of Pakistan. Indus has provided the world's oldest and largest canal Irrigation system to the country coupled with production potential of more than 50,000MW cheap electricity.
Pakistan is water scarce country i.e. less than 1000m3
Fariha Iqbal, Nowsherwan Zarif and Tariq Mahmood
...forest cover in critical watersheds. As an aftermath of 1992 floods and timber harvesting ban (THB), participatory forest management became popular to manage forest resources in a sustainable manner. Thus the government of NWFP started pilot testing of the concept through donor assisted projects in the designated forests of Hazara. The concept of JFM (Joint Forest Management) is based on mutual trust and defines roles and responsibilities for the management of...
Tariq Mahmood and Zulfiqar Ali
...lands where the critical watersheds of the various zones are located, however it is highly regretted to state that due to anthropogenic pressure about 60-70% of these watersheds are in depleted condition (Ashraf, 1991). It means that the community's needs are to be met through optimal utilization of these valuable resources using technological advancements, avoiding every kind of deterioration and degradation under impro...
Abdul Hameed Khan1, Bashir Ahmed Wani2, Hakim Shah3 and Basar Ali4
Anwar Ali and Hakim Shah
...rest resources of Hilkot watershed, a small area of 1600 ha with a total population of 7500, located in Mansehra district of N.W.F.P. The total forest area is 710 ha (44% of the total area) which consists of Guzara and Reserved forests. Guzara forests comprising 378 ha, are private forests held individually or jointly by the local people and managed by the forest department. Reserved forests comprising 332 ha are owned and managed by the Forest department. The...
Mohammad Iqbal Swati
...nges, form the important watersheds in the country. However, the dependable watersheds are located in the northern parts of the country and are regular source of the water supply to the Indus River system. These include watersheds of Northern Areas, NWFR, the mountain areas of Punjab, and AJK covering about 24.5 million hectares of upper Indus River and its tributaries. The
Abdul Hameed Khan, Bashir Ahmed Wani and Hakim Shah
...of erosion in the Hilkot watershed project area. The analysis revealed that 98 ha (6.8%) of the area was under slight sheet erosion, moderate rill and river bank erosion, 350 ha (24.2%) were under slight rill erosion and moderately gully erosion, 263 ha (18.2%) under moderate rill and gully erosion, 517 ha (35.8%) area depicted moderate sheet rill erosion and gully erosion, 104 ha (7.2%) area showed severe sheet, rill, gully erosion and land sliding and 111 ha...
Bashir Ahmad Wani, Shakeel Haider Zaidi, Muhammad Shabir Mughal and Hakim Shah
Abdul Qayyum Khan, Bashir Ahmad Wani, Hakim Shah and S. Irfanullah
... conducted in the Hilkot watershed communities in order to assess the energy needs for consumptive (household and commercial) and productive purposes (rural cottage industry, agriculture). Questionnaire, interview and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) tools were used to carry out this survey. According to the survey results, firewood emerged as the largest source of energy used for cooking and heating. The consumption of firewood was 2.35 maunds/household/we...
Syed Zainul Arifeen
...ation of the mountainous watersheds and sedimentation in the reservoirs, their capacity for water storage and electricity generation is decreasing rapidly. Keeping in view this critical situation, the Government has initiated schemes to control degradation of watersheds through afforestation and other technical soil conservation measures. The paper also reviews the research work and experimental trials conducted by the Pakis...
Ayaz Khan Marwat, Anwar Ali and Saz Muhammad
...e the twin objectives of watersheds protection and generation of revenue for the state and local right holders. Single tree selection system is the most appropriate sivicultural system for managing the Himalayan moist temperate forests. If properly practiced, single tree selection system can protect the steep slopes from erosion and produce timber and other forest products on sustainable basis. Single tree selection system can be safely applied in the forests ...
Raja Muhammad Ashfaq and Mohammad Khan
...the major portion of the watersheds of the Indus and Jhelum river system. The land in these watersheds is mainly in private ownership. wooded areas are interspersed with agriculture fields and often steep slopes are cultivated. Out of about 88 million ha total land area
of the country, 26.6 million ha comprise the uplands, where watersheds of various sizes are located (Ashfaq, 1991). Sinc...
S. M. Rafique
...e in the improvement of
watershed values. This implied that appropriate range
improvement activities are imperative for sound pastoral
economy and sustainable watershed resources of the
mountainous region of the NWFP....
Suppression of Chir pine regeneration by Imperata cylindrical (L) P. Beauv. in Hazara Civil Division
P. H. Haydock Wilson and A. R. Beg
...ix sites along a single
watershed. The number and biomass of Chir pine (Pinus
roxburghii Sargent) seedlings of all ages were found to
be markedly less in plots where Imperata ground cover
exceeds 75%. Over the range of sites, however, other
factors of the pine's regenerative ecology appear to dwarf this effect and analysis of variance showed the
difference to be non-significant. Mycorrhixal growth
intensity on the seedling roots was also assessed...
Muhammad Hanif and Bashir Hussain Shah
K. M. Siddiqui
...imber, fuelwood, fodder, watershed
protection, water, grazing, recreation etc. Later, the idea of community forestry, social
forestry and farm forestry was put forward. This was due to realization on the part of
developed countries and the international donor agencies that social and economic
benefits of development of state forests are not reaching small farmers in developing
countries. Further, with increase in population, the pressure on natural fore...
Mirza Mohammad Ashraf and Ghulam Akbar
...th livestock population, watershed
management and forestry, compiling the statistical
information available on various aspects in relation to
desertification....
Mirza Mohammad Ashraf
...In Pakistan, the area of watershed and range lands constitutes about 65 to 70 percent of
total land area. These areas are in depleted condition and far below their productive potential.
Because of continued misuse through deforestation, unchecked grazing and irresponsible
extension of cultivation, the watershed lands have been severely damaged with the result that
agricultural production has considerably decreased....
S. Hasan Abbas and M. Hanif
...t....
M.I. Sheikh and Sultan Maqsood Khan
...uture recommendation for watershed management, soil
conservation, medicinal plants, sericulture, wildlife
and outdoor are also described.
...
Mohammad Hanif
...ent of Kanshi river, two watersheds, Missa Experimental and Missa Control, 81 hectares each, and more or less identical in morphometric characteristics, were selected about 55 kilometers SE of Islamabed. Missa experimental had 8098 trees of various species, 29 check dams and 7 spillways, Missa control, 3218 trees and 3
spillways. During the period of study (January 1973 to December 1978) 4828 mm rainfall was received in 348 rainy days. Of this, 3536 mm (73%) ...
Abdul Aleem
...vided into the following watershed regions, grouped to the north and the west around the vast alluvial plain of the Indus which forms the core of the country (Roitzsch, 1968)....
Mairza Hakim Khan
... Gol. A number of small watersheds, Meran Tangogh, Kasavir, Bakhtanshal, Bironshal, Gokshal, Chat and Duni drain into Chitral Gol, which later on joins the river Chitral near the Chitral town....
Faqir Mohammad Khan
...e a major portion of the watersheds of Indus river and are thus vitally important as the primary source of the country's water for agriculture, domestic and industrial uses as well as for power. The quantity, quality and seasonal distribution of the water-flow from these areas is, therefore, of paramount importance for the national economy. With a view to conserving and developing these watersheds, a project known as the pre...
Bashir Hussain Shah and M. Ismail Chaudhry
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh and Abdul Aleem
...ive machinery. The main watershed runs southwards, draining into the river Indus. The river traverses whole of the district of Skardu after covering about 8C0 km. stretch before entering into the boundaries of Pakistan. As it meanders down, small streams and nullahs contribute their share to the total stream flow. About 10 km. down strefm of Gilgit town, it is joined by Gilgit river, which itself is formed by the union of Gilgit and Hunza river...
Sultan Maqsood Khan
...troduction in the Mangla watershed project area (dry sub-tropical) grass introduction trials with 39 cotypes of 14 species are being carried out in collaboration with Watershed Management Project of WAPDA in Missa Research Plot of Rawalpindi district since February,1973. On the basis of 1-1/2 years' observations on establishment, vigour, longevity and forage yield of these introductions, seven ecotypes of Bothriochloa pe...
Bahadur Ali Khan
... is 27,000 Sqr. miles is watershed of River Indus. The total length of Indus River in Northern Area is about 300 miles. The aggregate length of main streams which run into river Indus in Northern Area is about 3000 miles. Here the winter is quite long, growing season is quite short. The temperature ranges from 10 degree to 112 degree F. The total annual precipitation is most of the valleys is 5-6 inches in a year. In some parts where conife...
Anwar Masrur, PFS (I)
...analysis of Kunhar river watershed including stream order, bifurcation ratio, drainage density, constant of channel maintenance, stream frequency, shape, slope and elevation....
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Quantifying Pattern of Recorded Biodiversity Observations in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa from GBIF Database
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