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Status of Carbon Pool in Grazed and Un-Grazed Range Lands, Pabbi Hills, Pakistan
Mohammad Umar Farooq1*, Sarfaraz Ahmad2, Ghulam Nabi1, Ijaz Ali1 and Imtiaz Ahmad1

  Mohammad Umar Farooq* , Sarfraz Ahmad ** , Mohammad Islam and Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar ***

ASSESSING THE STATUS OF CARBON POOL IN TWO RANGELAND GRASSES ( ) IN POTHWAR, REGION, PAKISTAN
Detection of Heavy Metals in Three Micro-Bat Species from Central and Northern Punjab
Shagufta Nighat1, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem1,*, Syed Israr Shah1, Amber Khalid1, Tariq Mahmood2, Ayesha Aihetasham3 and Muhammad Asif4
...d other activities like, combustion of fuel, processing of metals, coal mining, automobile, lead-acid batteries, and building material.Toxic metals are bio-accumulated by insectivorous bats due to their foraging habits and high trophic level. There is a growing interest on the conservation of bats throughout the world as they play an important role in controlling insect population. We measured cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) concentrations in...
Evaluation of Air-Borne Trace Metals in Orthopaedic Sections of Health Care Facilities
Afzal Nimra1, Zulfiqar Ali1*, Safdar Sidra 2, Rida Ahmad1
...oor (dust, soil and fuel combustion) sources. The hospitals were located on busy roads, where high vehicular emissions probably emit trace metal pollutants. 
 
Development of Electrostatic Particulate Collection System for Agricultural Biomass Based Energy Applications
Imad Hassan1, Bilal-ur-Rehman2, Muhammad Amir2, Faheem Ali2*, Salman Ilahi2 and Amjad Ali3 
...al based biomass through combustion is playing an important role in the production of heat and electricity worldwide. The emission of particulate matter pollution from biomass combustion has drawn significant attention because of its harmful effects on human health and environment. Consequently, it becomes important to have a simple and cost effective solution to avoid the problems of air pollution due to the

 Tajwali Khan1*, Ihtzaz Qamar1, Feroz Shah2, Kareem Akhtar2, Rehman Akhtar3

MODEL FOR FUEL DROPLET EVAPORATION IN COMBUSTION CHAMBER OF LIQUID PROPELLANT ROCKET ENGINES
... very important to avoid combustion instability and to get higher
specific impulse from liquid rocket engines. Combustion takes place in gaseous phase and reaction is fast. So, the
time consumed by a droplet for complete burning is the time taken by a droplet to get evaporated. An analytical
mono component fuel droplet evaporation model is developed and proposed for droplet evaporation in liquid rocket

Ahmad Hussain1*, Syed Murtuza Mehdi2, Amjad Ali3, Muhammad Adeel3, Mohammed Hassan Jabal4, Farid Nasir Ani4 

INVESTIGATION THE TRIBOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CASTOR OIL WITH MINERAL OIL BLENDS
...as lubricant in internal combustion engines and in industrial processes. In this paper, the impact
of mixing mineral oil at certain proportions with vegetable oil is discussed its use as commercial lubrication oil is
also outlined, The tribological attributes are investigated through the well known four ball tribotester method. In the
experiments, castor oil is blended at volumetric ratio ranging from 20 to 80 % with commercial mineral oil...

Muhammad Alam Zeb Khan1*, Muhammad Ali Kamran1, Khan Muhammad2, Khizar Azam1 

IDENTIFICATION OF THE OPTIMAL OPERATING PARAMETERS OF LOCALLY AVAILABLE COAL FOR USE IN PAKISTANI INDUSTRIES
...e pulverized coal
combustion technique. Effect of mesh size, primary and secondary air velocity at various air fuel ratios was investigated
to quantify the combustion performance by measuring the furnace temperature. Mesh size 200 was found to
be readily combustible within the operating ranges, while tight control of the operating parameters was required
to combust coal at mesh size 150. Optimum r...

Younis Jamal1, Asad Naeem Shah1, Wasif Amin Butt1, Ahmad Naveed1*, Muhammad Usman1 

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF FUEL INJECTION PARAMETERS ON DIESEL ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND EMISSIONS
...zzles in toroidal
combustion chamber (CC) are better than sac nozzles with hemispherical CC, and that wider cone angle nozzles
at 10° BTDC give the optimum results in terms of emissions and performance, relative to those of narrower cone
angles. The 150° nozzles with 1.5 mm tip penetration give abated carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC) and
smoke emissions along with better performance characteristics such as brake specif...

 Asad Naeem Shah1,2, GE Yun-shan1, HE Chao1,3

MACROSCOPIC SPRAY CHARACTERISTICS OF DIESEL AND BIODIESEL-DIESEL BLEND: AN EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON
...e of clean and efficient combustion, but also in the control of engine exhaust emissions and efficiency optimization. This paper investigates the effect of injection duration and ambient pressure on spray development, spray tip penetration (L) and cone angle (β) of biodiesel-diesel (20%/80%: v/v) blend (B20) and diesel, and hence compares the quality of the fuels. Both ‘L’ and ‘β’ play a key role in the fue...
Physiochemical Assessment of Pakistani Thar Coal, A Solution for Sustainable Energy Crises and Reduced Environmental Impacts

Jawad Abdullah Butt1*, Yasmin Nergis1, Ahmad Hussain2 and Mughal Sharif1 

...gy concerning coal. Coal combustion is receiving too much attention about electricity production and pollution control. This study is aimed to evaluate the characteristic parameters of Thar local coal samples from Block-II and adjacent Block-VI for toxicity consideration and to estimate the potential of Thar coal assets for environment-friendly consumption in power production. In the current study, forty Thar coal samples from each Block II and adjacent Block ...
To Analyze the Effect of HCNG on Combustion, Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a Natural Gas Engine
Hafiz Liaqat Ali1, Muhammad Tahir Hassan1*, Muftooh Ur Rehman Siddiqi2, Mehwish Arshad1 and Muhammad Mudassar Sharif3
...I) engines. NG with lean combustion has revealed the potential to enhance efficiency and decrease emissions over stoichiometric petrol engines. The ignitability and instability are the main issues of NG lean combustion. Adding hydrogen (H2) in NG can be a solution to lean NG combustion limits. Herein, the experimental research was accomplished to analyze the effect of hydrogen b...
Performance Evaluation of Downdraft Gasifier with Syngas Cleaning System

Sidrah Ashfaq1, Muhammad Nadeem1*, Muhammad Yamin1, Talha Afzal1, Muhammad Waqar Akram1, Rabia Anam1 and Ali Mehboob2

...es in contrast to direct combustion of agricultural waste. Other than controlled burning of biomass, it can be subjected for different purposes like a thermal, synthesis of ethanol, engine running, and for fuel cell applications. An excessive amount of impurities like char, ash, tar, and particulate matter are making these syngas non-feasible for thermal or engine applications. To overcome the above-stated problem, a downdraft gasifier with cyclone separator a...
Water and watershed management of northern Pakistan
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari, Muhammad Yousaf Khan Syed Zakir Hussain Shah and Khalid Jan

Pakistan Journal of Forestry

June

Vol. 74, Iss. 1

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