Muhammad Siddiq1* and Hamid Ullah Shah2
...to identify the best oil blend in terms of physicochemical properties between olive and palm oils. Laboratory experiment on “Effect of stress conditions on the quality and stability of olive and palm oil blends” was conducted at Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Tarnab Peshawar and The University of Agriculture Peshawar KP-Pakistan during 2015. Olive: palm oils treated in sole or admixture at vari...
Ishfaq Ahmed, Ihsan Mabood Qazi and Suraiya Jamal
...P < 0.05) decrease by blending WF with BRF. Similarly, water solubility index (WSI), water absorption index (WAI) and swelling power (SP) showed significant (P < 0.05) decrease as the concentration of wheat flour in the blends increases. The values for WAI, WSI and SP were 4.73–6.18 g/g, 1.98–3.99% and 5.35–6.81 g/g, respectively. The blending of WF with BRF had sub...
Muhammad Usman Saleem1, Saima Masood1,*, Hafsa Zaneb1, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Asim Aslam3, Kamran Ashraf4, Habib-ur-Rehman5, Muti-ur-Rehman3 and Muhammad Shabir Shaheen6
...e (MOS) and organic acid blend (OAB) supplementation individually and in combination on carcass yield, small intestinal microarchitecture and serum biochemistry in Hubbard chicks. A total of 128 one day-old chicks were divided equally in four different groups with each group having 4 replicates. The number of birds per group were 32 whereas the number of birds per replicate were 8.The first group was kept as control (CONT) whereas, the second (MOSG) and third ...
Ambreen Akhtar Saddozai*, Amer Mumtaz*, Nouman Rashid*, Shahzada Arshad Saleem**, Saeeda Raza* and Muhammad Naeem Safdar*
COMPARISON OF INDIGENOUSLY DEVELOPED TANGERINE-ORANGE MARMALADE WITH BRANDED MARMALADES AVAILABLE AT LOCAL MARKETS
...malade was prepared from blended juices of orange and tangerine. Branded marmalades i.e., National, Mitchells and Salman’s were purchased from local markets and compared with non-branded (orange and tangerine) marmalades. Both marmalades were analysed for microbiological (TPC, yeast and mould), physico-chemical characteristics (pH, Brix, vitamin C and sugars) and organoleptic attributes. TPC count in both samples were nil. Yeast and -1 mould count was ni...
Muhammad Tahir* and Nawal Zafar*
FORAGE YIELD AND QUALITY PERFORMANCE OF RABI CEREALS SOWN ALONE AND IN BLENDED POPULATION AT VARIABLE SEED RATIOS
...nd barley sown alone and blended together at different seed proportions (100%: 0%, 75% + 25%, 50% + 50% and 25% + 75%) at the Agronomic Research Area, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, during 2013-14. The results showed that the crop mixtures and their variable seed ratios showed significant effects on fodder yield and quality traits. -1 The maximum number of tillers, number of leaves plant , leaf area, crop growth -1 -1 rate, fres...
Tassadduq Rasool*, Ali Zohaib*, Ehsanullah*, Riaz Ahmad*, Tasawer Abbas*, Tahira Tabassum*, Muhammad Ather Nadeem*, Mahmood-ul-Hassan*
FORAGE YIELD AND QUALITY IN PEARL MILLET-SESBANIA INTERCROPPING SYSTEM UNDER VARIOUS GEOMETRICAL PATTERNS
...arl millet and sesbania, blended seed sowing of pearl millet and sesbania, sesbania intercropping in 30 cm apart rows of pearl millet, sesbania intercropping in 45 cm apart two-row strips of pearl millet, and sesbania intercropping in 75 cm apart four-row strips of pearl millet) at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Sesbania intercropping reduced pearl millet growth. Nonetheless, least decrease in height (23%), leaf area (42%) and ...
Asad Sultan1,*, Shahroom Khan1, Sarzamin Khan1, Naila Chand1, Muhammad Shuaib Khan2 and Hamza Maris3
Muhammad Adnan Khan1*, Majid Suhail Hashmi1, Ali Muhammad1, Muhammad Muneeb1, Haris Bilal1 and Gul Wali2
...ssibility of orange date blended squash at different ratios, i.e. OD1 (orange 90% + date 10%), OD2 (orange 80% + date 20%), OD3 (orange 70% + date 30%), OD4 (orange 60% + date 40%), OD5 (orange 50% + date 50%) and OD6 (orange 40% + date 60%). Orange date blended squash was prepared by the combination of pulp: sugar: water, with 3: 4: 1 ratio respectively. All samples were tested for total soluble solids (TSS), pH, titratable...
Muhammad Siddiq1*, Sahib Alam2, Hamid Ullah Shah2, Zafar Iqbal2, Kalsoom Siddiq3 and Taufeq Ahmad4
...t of olive and palm oils blends on the sensory attributes of potato (Solanium tuberosum L.) cultivar Carola chips during three successive frying sessions. Olive and palm oils were blended in the ratios of 10:90, 20:80, 40:60 and 60:40% and the blends as well as the sole oils were used for frying of potato chips. The fried potato chips were evaluated for appearance, taste, texture, color an...
Madiha Naz1, Qudrat Ullah Khan1*, M. Jamil Khan1, Obaid Ullah Sayal2, Asim Afridi3 and Aziz Ullah Sayal3
Seval Dernekbasi* and Emin Karatas
...d SFO) and vegetable oil blend (CSFO) had significantly higher concentrations of n-6 fatty acids, predominantly in the form of linoleic (LA, 18:2n-6c) and oleic acid (OA, 18:1n-9c), while n-3 fatty acids were present in significantly higher concentrations in the FO group. The fatty acid composition of rainbow trout fillet reflected the dietary lipid source. Fillet of fish fed by the FO diet had highest eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic a...
Rehman Ullah Khan* and Muhammad Ayub
...ation of guava aloe vera blended pulp. The treatments were as GABP0 (control), GABP1 (0.1% P.S), GABP2 (0.1% K.M.S), GABP3 (0.1% S.B), GABP4 (0.05% each P.S and K.M.S), GABP5 (0.05% each P.S and S.B), GABP6 (0.05% each K.M.S and S.B), GABP7 (0.033% each P.S+ KMS and SB). The guava aloe vera blended pulp samples of all treatments were packed in pet bottles and stored at ambient conditions for six months. The results revealed ...
Ghulam Mohi Uddin Paracha* and Yasser Durrani
...(25 ± 5°C) of blended pulp of peach and persimmon. Effect of preservatives on physico-chemical parameters (total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, total phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid content and antioxidant activity) and sensory evaluation of blends was carried out. The treatments in this study included BPo [peach persimmon blend (6:4)], BP1 [peach persimmon
Ahmad Hussain1*, Syed Murtuza Mehdi2, Amjad Ali3, Muhammad Adeel3, Mohammed Hassan Jabal4, Farid Nasir Ani4
INVESTIGATION THE TRIBOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CASTOR OIL WITH MINERAL OIL BLENDS
...periments, castor oil is blended at volumetric ratio ranging from 20 to 80 % with commercial mineral oil, where
the setup is consictent with ASTM D4172. Results indicate that a mix of castor oil with commercial lubrication oil
rather than mineral oil, can bring down the diameter of wear scar. The mix exhibits a decrease in the coefficient of
friction when compared with lubrication oil. A belend of castor oil with some commercial lubricant ...
the setup is consictent with ASTM D4172. Results indicate that a mix of castor oil with commercial lubrication oil
rather than mineral oil, can bring down the diameter of wear scar. The mix exhibits a decrease in the coefficient of
friction when compared with lubrication oil. A belend of castor oil with some commercial lubricant ...
Riaz Muhammad1*, Naseer Ahmeda, Abdul Basit2, Rizwan Alim Mufti2
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF FRACTURE TOUGHNESS, HARDNESS AND LOAD-INDENTATION DEPTH RESPONSE OF TI-64 USING VICKERS INDENTATION TECHNIQUE
...ys display the matchless blend of physical and mechanical properties which have made them appropriate
for aerospace, chemical, and biomedical industries services. Preeminent strength-to-density ratio, reduced
density, incomparable corrosion resistance and tremendous properties at elevated temperature are the main attribute
of titanium alloys. These alloys also exhibit low modulus of elasticity, making it ideal for spring, body implant,
for aerospace, chemical, and biomedical industries services. Preeminent strength-to-density ratio, reduced
density, incomparable corrosion resistance and tremendous properties at elevated temperature are the main attribute
of titanium alloys. These alloys also exhibit low modulus of elasticity, making it ideal for spring, body implant,
Shabana Rafique1, Shahnaz Parveen Khattak1, Tanveer Hussain2, Faiza Tauqeer1, Bashir Ahmad3
EVALUATION OF FLEXURAL RIGIDITY AND ABRASION RESISTANCE OF POST AND META-FINISHED PIGMENT DYED P/C FABRICS
...r polyester/cotton (P/C) blended fabrics; further to assess its effect on flexural rigidity and abrasion
resistance. The simultaneous finishing and pigment dyeing is more economical than conventional method, since, more
energy can be conserved by using same machinery for dyeing, finishing, drying and curing. Furthermore, elimination
of post wash treatment in this method caused little or no contamination. Despite its manifold advantages, th...
resistance. The simultaneous finishing and pigment dyeing is more economical than conventional method, since, more
energy can be conserved by using same machinery for dyeing, finishing, drying and curing. Furthermore, elimination
of post wash treatment in this method caused little or no contamination. Despite its manifold advantages, th...
Hamza Tariq1, Imran Hayat1, Saima Rafiq1*, Aqsa Qayyum2 and Sohrab Qayyum1
...mn olive in the beverage blends while a decreasing trend was observed for pH, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars and total sugars. Organoleptic parameters such as color, flavor, taste and overall acceptability significantly (p < 0.05) influenced. The TSS, acidity, reducing sugars and total sugars content increased whereas pH, ascorbic acid, antioxidant activity, total phenolics and non-reducing sugar content decreased during storage of 90 days. Overall, t...
Saeed Gul*, Muhammad Irfan*, Hazrat Bilal*, Atta-ur-rehman*, Umair Khan*, Sadaqat ullah khan*
RECYCLING OF USED ENGINE OIL USING SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND DISTILLATION
... were agitator speed for blending, boiler temperature and solvent to used oil ratio. The maximum recovery for refined oil was 72% using solvent to used oil ratio of 9:1 at a boiler temperature 120° C and agitator speed of 600 rpm. The maximum solvent recovery of 98% was also obtained at the same process conditions.
...
Asad Naeem Shah1,2, GE Yun-shan1, HE Chao1,3
MACROSCOPIC SPRAY CHARACTERISTICS OF DIESEL AND BIODIESEL-DIESEL BLEND: AN EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON
...esel (20%/80%: v/v) blend (B20) and diesel, and hence compares the quality of the fuels. Both ‘L’ and ‘β’ play a key role in the fuel evaporation and mixing of fuel with air in the combustion chamber. It was found that the injection pressure, spray tip penetration and cone angle of the fuels increased with the increase in injection duration. Furthermore, the injection pressure of B20 was higher than that of dies...
Ambreen Akhtar Saddozai1, Amer Mumtaz2, Naseem Rauf1, Saeeda Raza2, Nouman Rashid Siddiqui2, Muhammad Naeem Safdar2, Sahar Shibli2, Muhammad Suhail Ibrahim3*, Muhammad Akhtar4 and Muhammad Saad Rehan5
Preparation and Quality Evaluation of Soymilk Carrot Blend
...min A. Carrot powder was blended in soya milk at three different concentrations levels 2%, 4% and 6% and packed in sterilized bottles. The product was kept at two different temperatures (ambient and refrigerated temperature) for 14 days to assess its shelf life. During the storage period the samples were analyzed for different chemical parameters total soluble solids, pH, total carotenoids, protein contents and antimicrobial analysis. On the basis of quality a...
Muhammad Ilyas Khan*, Ihsan Mabood Qazi and Mohammad Ayub
...lose rice varieties were blended in various ratios (100:00, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80 and 00:100) and were studied again for functional and pasting profile. Results indicated that colour, moisture, water solubility index (WSI), water absorption index (WAI), swelling power (SP) and pasting profile of selected varieties of rice flour were significantly (p < 0.05) different from each other, except ash content. Rice flour had irregular and small to large shape...
Rukhsar Ali* and Ali Muhammad
...lity of mango and loquat blended pulp was conducted to study the effect of selected food chemical preservatives i.e. sodium benzoate (SB), potassium metabisulphite (KMS) and potassium sorbate (PS) on physicochemical qualities (total soluble solids, pH, acidity, phenolic compounds, total sugars, antioxidant activity, Vitamin C content) and sensory evaluation as color, taste, and overall acceptability stored at ambient conditions (25±2⁰C) for six months...
Qudsia Nazir1, Muhammad Aftab1*, Ghulam Sarwar2, Aneela Riaz3, Sarfraz Hussain1, Ifra Saleem1, Amina Kalsom1, Noor-Us-Sabah2, Mukkram Ali Tahir2, Ateeq-ur-Rehman4 and Muhammad Arif1
...tivated Zn coated and Zn blended urea at the 1.5% rate of formulate. The bio-activated Zn coated urea was prepared by inoculating the powdered organic material with Zinc solubilizing bacterium and then this material was mixed with ZnO. This bio-active Zn was coated on urea at 1.5% rates to formulate. Moreover, Zn blended urea was prepared by mixing powder ZnO with urea. The comparative efficacies of different types of Zn imp...
Amar Iqbal Saqib, Khalil Ahmed*, Muhammad Khalid Bhatti, Ghulam Qadir, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz, Muhammad Ashfaq Anjum, Abdul Rasul Naseem, Aftab Ahmad Sheikh and Belqees Akhter
...tices (use of gypsum and blending) also mitigated the ill effects of saline-sodic water. Therefore, it was concluded that when fresh-water resources are finite and use of saline-sodic water is inevitable, cyclic use of canal and saline-sodic water is a wise and profitable management strategy with marginal effect on crop productivity and proves least detrimental for soil health. Comparison of two different textured soils also revealed that brackish water deteri...
Ramy S. Yehia1,3, Essam A. Shaalan2* and Hashem M. Al-Sheikh1
Taiwo Oladoye Akande*, Dayo Johnson Ogunyemi, Priscilla Funmilola Okunlola, Emmanuel Owolabi, Odetayo Olakanmi
...nga) at 20gkg-1 diet and blend of the three (at 1:1:1) respectively. Feed intake and body weight gained were determined on weekly basis. There were significant (P<0.05) changes in body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio. Bodyweight gained increased by 16.3 - 22% from Tumeric to moringa. Protein digestibility increased by 5% and 3% in birds fed garlic and the blend respectively while about 4% increase in f...
Hafiz Liaqat Ali1, Muhammad Tahir Hassan1*, Muftooh Ur Rehman Siddiqi2, Mehwish Arshad1 and Muhammad Mudassar Sharif3
...e the effect of hydrogen blending on the combustion, emission, and performance aspects of NG EQD210N-20 engines. The engine was run at six different working conditions which are characterized by engine load, engine speed, and hydrogen fractions. The main performance parameters included heat release, mass fraction burned (MFB), power (frictional, effective, indicated), efficiency (mechanical, indicated, brake thermal), and coefficient of variation for indicated...
Ziaul Islam1*, Asad Sultan1, Sar Zamin Khan1 and Sher Bahader Khan2
... effect of organic acids blend and micro-encapsulated phyto-essential oils individually or in combination as a replacement of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) on growth performance, lymphoid organs weight, gut pH, microbiota, apparent metabolizable energy and nutrient digestibility of broilers. A total of six hundred, day-old healthy broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were procured from a local hatchery and were randomly allocated to five different dietary treatments....
Bibi Hajira*, Imran Khan and Zia-ud-Din
...mulated by incorporating blends (equal proportion) of sorghum and barely flours at 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% levels, each. Composite bread was compared with control bread (CB) made from 100% wheat flour only. In-vitro starch hydrolysis was determined enzymatically at 0, 20, 30, 45, 90 and 120 min. Rapidly digestible starch (RDS), slowly digestible starch (SDS), resistant starch (RS) and estimated eGI were calculated from starch digestion values. Consumer acceptabi...
Maham Tariq, Aqsa Akhtar and Nauman Khalid*
...capacity was selected to blend with carrot juice for hard candy formulation. Five different concentrations of fennel extract and carrot juice were added for the formulation of hard candy containing 30% (w/w) sugar, 30% (w/w) corn syrup, 0-40% (w/w) fennel seed extract, and 0 to 40% (w/w) carrot juice. The results showed the highest content of flavonoids in 40% (w/w) carrot juice formulation and the mixture of candies containing 10% (w/w) carrot juice and 30% (...
Sugiharto Sugiharto*, Ikania Agusetyaningsih, Endang Widiastuti, Hanny Indrat Wahyuni, Turrini Yudiarti, Tri Agus Sartono
Khalid Farooq, Muhammad Tahir and Nazir Ahmad Khan*
...lage and ryegrass forage blend based fattening rations. Five diets containing maize silage and ryegrass in the ratios of 30:70; 40:60; 50:50; 60:40 and 70:30 on dry matter (DM) basis in the forage mixture were evaluated in comparison with a control/traditional diet. A total of 18 calves were allocated to the six experimental diets according to a randomized complete block designed and the dietary groups were balanced for age, BW and sex. Data on intakes of DM, ...
Jaffar Hussain1*, Zeenat M. Ali1 and Syed Farman Ali Shah2
.... Pakistan 5% introduced blended biodiesel in 2015 and also increase 10% in 2025. Homogenous catalyst like as NaoH applied for the production of biodiesel from jatropha oil seed maximum recovery was 85%, reaction time 1 to 2 h at 65 oC temperature....
Jaffar Hussain*, Zeenat M. Ali and Syed Farman Ali Shah
...n. The biodiesel used in blend form and diesel engines required the modification. The biodiesel sustainable and release no greenhouse gas.
...
Waseef Ullah Khan*, Yasser Durrani and Muhammad Ayub
...for preserving mango OLE blend over a 90 days period. The findings demonstrated that the inclusion of OLE effectively preserved the chemical quality and sensory characteristics of mango OLE blend with added chemical preservatives. Results showed that all samples retained total soluble solids between (17.89-20.80˚Brix), pH (4.06- 4.91), color (6.94 to 8.01), flavor (5.34 to 6.34) and taste (5.59-6.99). The results concluded ...
ZUBIA RASHID1, ZULFIQAR ALI MIRANI2, SITWAT ZEHRA1, SYED MUDDASSAR HUSSAIN GILANI3, ARIF ALI CHISHTI1, ABID AZHAR1 & SADDIA GALANI1*
...) Control diets + 3% w/v blend of garlic, peppermint, cinnamon, black cumin, and green tea (phytogenic feed additives, PFA). Non-significant differences for body weight gain and feed intake (p>0.05) were found between AB and PFA groups. Quantitative bacterial analysis of chicken gut revealed supplementation of PFA significantly increased (p<0.05) beneficial bacterial (Lactobacillus spp. and Enterococcus spp.) and reduced (p<0.05) pathogenic bacterial ...
Lendrawati*, Tinda Afriani, Eli Ratni
...t was achieved through a blend of chest circumference and body length, as indicated by the regression model: BW = -15.705 + 0.133BL + 0.457CG.0.457CG with the highest r (0.822), R2 (0.676) and adjusted R2 (0.668) and the lowest RMSE (13.427). These findings suggested that chest girth and body length can be used as predictors for body weight of adult female Kacang goats in rural areas. The findings could help farmers in adult female Kacang goat breeding by esti...
Muhammad Tahir Laeeq and Muhammad Asif Aziz
...sorbant polymer having a blend of fertilizer and growth stimulants. (iii) use of four mixtures of soil, sand and farmyard manure in the ratios of 3:2:1, 2:2:1, 4:3:2 and 3:2:2. (iv) use of four sizes of polythene bags (17.8 x 10.6 cm, 17.8 x 8.9 cm, 16.5 x 10.6 cm and 20.3 x 10.2 cm).
The result of fertilizer experiment revealed that control seedlings and those treated at intervals of 4,6 and 8 days with urea gave significantly better survival as com...
Mian Muhammad Shafiq
...nd fauna represents of a blend of palaearetic and Indomalayan
elements, with some forms oi the Ethiopian region, Pakistan can be divided in a
formal sense into the following biogeographical provinces. Pamir Karakoram and
Himalayan highlands, bordering Anatolia-Iranian Desert, Indus Monsoon forest
and Thar Desert (Udvardy, 1975). The palaearetic species contain a mixture of
those common to a large part of Eurasia, and with those with affinities to the
M...
Zahraa M. Mahdi
...trayed are the elemental blending and multilayer deposition wherein there is highly emphasized information on making polyaniline-based cation exchange nanoporous membranes that use polyvinyl chloride. Some nano fillers such as carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and metal-organic frameworks are investigated for their viability in desalination as alternatives to traditional surface membranes. These polymeric batteries are suitable for some applications because th...
Usman Ali*, Badat Muwakhid and Dewi Masyithoh
Muhmmad Bilal Islam1* and Sar Zamin Khan2
...tions of aqueous extract blends of garlic, onion, and chilli on gut performance and immunity of broilers in comparison to Mannan Oligo-Saccharide and plain water. A total of 300 days old chicks of broilers were randomly allocated to five treatment groups each replicated four times having 15 birds per replicate. Groups A, B, and C were receiving respective treatments at the rate of 1.5 ml per liter of drinking water having the garlic, onion, and chilli concentr...
Abdussalam Muhyideen Zainab Funmilayo and Lee-Hoon Ho*
... A 3:1 ratio was used to blend the beetroot pulp with distilled water. After that, pectinase was added at a concentration of 1.5 U/mL for 4hrs and 40°C, and then clarified with pectinase and cellulase and their combination, at concentration of 1.0 U/ mL for 50°C and 15 min. After that, the mixtures were all kept at 90°C for five minutes in order to pasteurize the juice. Beetroot juice without treatment: fresh juice and juice with enzyme extraction ...
Aamara Ibrahim1, Ihsan Mabood Qazi1, Majid S. Hashmi1, Ayaz Ahmad1*, Hisham Javed1, Fawad Ahmad2 and Sadia Mukhtar1
...(0:100)) to prepare milk blends. The analysis of physical and chemical properties showed notable differences in composition among the milk blends, with goat milk has higher fat content (4±0.003%) while cow milk has more lactose (4.6±0.1%). The pasteurized milk was gently heated followed by addition of addition of acid coagulant. After setting whey was separated and the cottage cheese was stored at 5±1oC....
