Microinvertebrates Associated with Freshly Harvested Vegetables Sold in Major Local Markets in Krobo Municipalities of Eastern Region of Ghana: Implications for Health Risks, Phytoparasite Dispersal, and Biosecurity
Microinvertebrates Associated with Freshly Harvested Vegetables Sold in Major Local Markets in Krobo Municipalities of Eastern Region of Ghana: Implications for Health Risks, Phytoparasite Dispersal, and Biosecurity
William K. Heve* and Paul O. Aniapam
The set-ups used to extract microscopic invertebrates, with zoospores of Oomycetes, from the freshly harvested vegetables sold across selected major local markets in Yilo Krobo and Lower Manya Krobo municipalities of Eastern Region of Ghana.
Microscopic invertebrates retrieved from freshly harvested vegetables sold in markets for the (A) first trial and (B) second trial. The symbol ‘♣’, written against ‘Onion’, denotes that all the microscopic invertebrates observed in suspensions under a microscope were dead in the first trial (A), whereas the symbol ‘✪’, also written against ‘Onion’, denotes that few rotifers observed in suspensions were alive in the second trial (B). Chi-square for goodness-of-fit test for an equal expectation: ‘NS’ indicates that an observation was not significantly larger than expectation, being zero (0), whereas *, ***, ****, ********, *********, *********** and *************** denote that observations were significantly larger than zero at P ≤ 0.05, P ≤ 10-3, P ≤ 10-4, P ≤ 10-8, P ≤ 10-9, P ≤ 10-11 and P ≤ 10-15, respectively.
Nematode feeding groups retrieved from the freshly harvested vegetables sold in the selected markets for the (A) first trial and (B) second trial. Chi-square for goodness-of-fit test for an equal expectation: ‘NS’ shows that an observation was not significantly larger than zero (0), whereas ***, *******, **********, ************** and *************** represent that observations were significantly larger than zero (0) at P ≤ 10-3, P ≤ 10-7, P ≤ 10-10, P ≤ 10-14 and P ≤ 10-15, respectively.
