This paper describes the current state of art of arid rangelands, their management constraints and scope of range vegetation evaluation. The results of a case study on Lachi rangelands indicated that the area was rich in plant bio-diversity and there were 36 plant species. Out of it 18 were grass/grazing species, 2 forb species, 10 shrub species and 6 tree species. The bio-mass production was 752 kg (AD)/ha which was quite low. The study further indicated that range condition was poor to fair and the range trend was downward. The study has recommended application of specialized grazing system like; intensive repeated seasonal grazing to utilize coarse and or less palatable grass species. Further the study recommended improvement in complementary forage production, forage reserves and supplemental feed along with soil and water conservation measures to improve the range condition, trend and production.