Changes in <i>in vitro</i> Rumen Fermentation Characteristics of Different Compositions of Total Mixed Rations (TMR) and the Ensiled TMRs

Wang Chao; Yutaka Uyeno; Anuraga Jayanegara; Makoto Kondo; Tomomi Ban-Tokuda; Hiroki Matsui

doi:10.14737/journal.aavs/2016/4.4.178.182

Short Communication · Volume 4, Issue 4, Pages 178–182, 9 April 2016 · Open Access

Changes in <i>in vitro</i> Rumen Fermentation Characteristics of Different Compositions of Total Mixed Rations (TMR) and the Ensiled TMRs

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Article Info ⌄

Journal:: Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences
DOI:: 10.14737/journal.aavs/2016/4.4.178.182
Published:: 9 April 2016

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Abstract | To evaluate the effects of the composition of total mixed rations (TMR) and ensiling of the TMR on rumen fermentation properties and methane production, we compared two types of TMRs, which were optimized for dairy cattle and beef cattle, and their ensiled TMRs (eTMR).
These eTMRs and TMRs were used for in vitro ruminal incubation experiment.
The type of TMR and ensiling both affected total short chain fatty acids, the amount of methane production, and relative proportions of acetate and butyrate in the in vitro rumen cultures of tested TMRs.

Selected from the article's own text.

Abstract

Wang Chao1†,Yutaka uYeno2*,Anuraga JaYanegara3,Makoto kondo1,ToMoMi Ban-tokuda1, Hiroki Matsui1

1Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Kurimamachiya, Tsu City, Mie 514-8507, Japan; 2Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan; 3Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.

Abstract | To evaluate the effects of the composition of total mixed rations (TMR) and ensiling of the TMR on rumen fermentation properties and methane production, we compared two types of TMRs, which were optimized for dairy cattle and beef cattle, and their ensiled TMRs (eTMR). To make eTMRs, TMRs were wrapped and fermented for 40 days. These eTMRs and TMRs were used for in vitro ruminal incubation experiment. The type of TMR and ensiling both affected to- tal short chain fatty acids, the amount of methane production, and relative proportions of acetate and butyrate in the in vitro rumen cultures of tested TMRs. The relative abundance methanogenic archaea in respective cultures determined by quan- tifying a gene involved in methane production (mcrA: α-subunit of methyl co-enzyme M reductase) was also affected by both the type and the ensiling, which was higher in the eTMRs than the TMRs (p<0.001). The results of the present study suggest that not only ensiling TMR but also the composition of TMR may affect in vitro rumen fermentation patterns, and that changes in the degree of methane generation due to ensiling TMR may also depend on the fermentation kinetics.

Keywords | Ensiled TMR, Dietary carbohydrates, Methanogen, Short chain fatty acids

Editor | Kuldeep Dhama, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Received | October 29, 2015; Revised | November 10, 2015; Accepted | November 12, 2015; Published | April 09, 2016
*Correspondence | Yutaka Uyeno, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa 8304, Nagano, Japan; Email: ytkuyeno@shinshu-u.ac.jp †Present address | Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Research, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, Inner Mongolia, China.
Citation | Wang C, Uyeno Y, Jayanegara A, Kondo M, Ban-Tokuda T, Matsui H (2016). Changes in in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics of different compositions of total mixed rations (TMR) and the ensiled TMRs. Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci. 4(4): 178-182.
DOI | Http://dx.doi.org/10.14737/journal.aavs/2016/4.4.178.182
ISSN (Online) | 2307-8316; ISSN (Print) | 2309-3331

Conflict of interest

There exist no conflict of interest.

Authors’ Contribution

Allthe authhors contributed equally.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

A part of this study was financially supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (25450939).

References

Abrar A, Tsukahara T, Kondo M, Ban-Tokuda T, Wang C, Matsui H (2015). Effect of monensin withdrawal on rumen fermentation, methanogenesis and microbial populations in cattle. Anim. Sci. J. in press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/asj.12368[CrossRef]
Cao Y, Takahashi T, Horiguchi K, Yoshida N, Cai Y (2010a). Methane emissions from sheep fed fermented or non-fermented total mixed ration containing whole-crop rice and rice bran. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 157: 72-78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.02.004[CrossRef]
Cao Y, Takahashi T, Horiguchi K, Yoshida N (2010b). Effect of adding lactic acid bacteria and molasses on fermentation quality and in vitro ruminal digestion of total mixed ration silage prepared with whole crop rice. Grassl. Sci. 56: 19-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-697X.2009.00168.x[CrossRef]
Cao Y, Takahashi T, Horiguchi K, Yoshida N, Zhou D (2012). In vitro ruminal dry matter digestibility and methane production of fermented total mixed ration containing whole‐crop rice and rice bran. Grassl. Sci. 58: 133-139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-697X.2012.00254.x[CrossRef]
Dehority BA (2003a). Cellurose digesting rumen bacteria. In: Dehority, BA (Ed.), Rumen Microbiology. Nottingham Univ. Press, Nottingham, UK, pp. 177-208.
Dehority BA (2003b). Numbers, factors affecting the population and distribution of rumen bacteria. In: Dehority, BA (Ed.), Rumen Microbiology. Nottingham Univ. Press, Nottingham, UK, pp. 265-294.
Denman SE, Tomkins NW, McSweeney CS (2007). Quantitation and diversity analysis of ruminal methanogenic populations in response to the antimethanogenic compound bromochloromethane. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 62: 313-322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00394.x[CrossRef]
Eckard RJ, Grainger C, de Klein CAM (2010). Options for the abatement of methane and nitrous oxide from ruminant production: A review. Livest. Sci. 130: 47-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2010.02.010[CrossRef]
Kondo M, Shimizu K, Jayanegara A, Mishima T, Matsui H, Karita S, Goto M, Fujihara T (2015). Changes in nutrient composition and in vitro ruminal fermentation of total mixed ration silage stored at different temperatures and periods. J. Sci. Food Agri. in press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7200[CrossRef]
Lima R, Lourenco M, Diaz R, Castro A, Fievez V (2010). Effect of combined ensiling of sorghum and soybean with or without molasses and lactobacilli on silage quality and in vitro rumen fermentation. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 155: 122-131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2009.10.008[CrossRef]
Lwin K-O, Kondo M, Ban-Tokuda T, Lapitan RM, Del-Barrio AN, Fujihara T, Matsui H (2012). Ruminal fermentation and microbial ecology of buffaloes and cattle fed the same diet. Anim. Sci. J. 83: 767-776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-0929.2012.01031.x[CrossRef]
Morgavi D, Forano E, Martin C, Newbold C (2010). Microbial ecosystem and methanogenesis in ruminants. Animal. 4: 1024-1036.
Nishino N, Wada H, Yoshida M, Shiota H (2004). Microbial counts, fermentation products, and aerobic stability of whole crop corn and a total mixed ration ensiled with and without inoculation of Lactobacillus casei or Lactobacillus buchneri. J. Dairy Sci. 87: 2563-2570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73381-0[CrossRef]
Russell JB, Rychlik JL (2001). Factors that alter rumen microbial ecology. Science. 292: 1119-1122.
Wang F, Nishino N (2008). Ensiling of soybean curd residue and wet brewers grains with or without other feeds as a total mixed ration. J. Dairy Sci. 91: 2380-2387.
Weinberg Z, Chen Y, Miron D, Raviv Y, Nahim E, Bloch A, Yosef E, Nikbahat M, Miron J (2011). Preservation of total mixed rations for dairy cows in bales wrapped with polyethylene stretch film–A commercial scale experiment. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 164: 125-129.

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[1] Abrar A, Tsukahara T, Kondo M, Ban-Tokuda T, Wang C, Matsui H (2015). Effect of monensin withdrawal on rumen fermentation, methanogenesis and microbial populations in cattle. Anim. Sci. J. in press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/asj.12368[CrossRef]

[2] Cao Y, Takahashi T, Horiguchi K, Yoshida N, Cai Y (2010a). Methane emissions from sheep fed fermented or non-fermented total mixed ration containing whole-crop rice and rice bran. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 157: 72-78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.02.004[CrossRef]

[3] Cao Y, Takahashi T, Horiguchi K, Yoshida N (2010b). Effect of adding lactic acid bacteria and molasses on fermentation quality and in vitro ruminal digestion of total mixed ration silage prepared with whole crop rice. Grassl. Sci. 56: 19-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-697X.2009.00168.x[CrossRef]

[4] Cao Y, Takahashi T, Horiguchi K, Yoshida N, Zhou D (2012). In vitro ruminal dry matter digestibility and methane production of fermented total mixed ration containing whole‐crop rice and rice bran. Grassl. Sci. 58: 133-139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-697X.2012.00254.x[CrossRef]

[5] Dehority BA (2003a). Cellurose digesting rumen bacteria. In: Dehority, BA (Ed.), Rumen Microbiology. Nottingham Univ. Press, Nottingham, UK, pp. 177-208.

[6] Dehority BA (2003b). Numbers, factors affecting the population and distribution of rumen bacteria. In: Dehority, BA (Ed.), Rumen Microbiology. Nottingham Univ. Press, Nottingham, UK, pp. 265-294.

[7] Denman SE, Tomkins NW, McSweeney CS (2007). Quantitation and diversity analysis of ruminal methanogenic populations in response to the antimethanogenic compound bromochloromethane. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 62: 313-322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00394.x[CrossRef]

[8] Eckard RJ, Grainger C, de Klein CAM (2010). Options for the abatement of methane and nitrous oxide from ruminant production: A review. Livest. Sci. 130: 47-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2010.02.010[CrossRef]

[9] Kondo M, Shimizu K, Jayanegara A, Mishima T, Matsui H, Karita S, Goto M, Fujihara T (2015). Changes in nutrient composition and in vitro ruminal fermentation of total mixed ration silage stored at different temperatures and periods. J. Sci. Food Agri. in press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7200[CrossRef]

[10] Lima R, Lourenco M, Diaz R, Castro A, Fievez V (2010). Effect of combined ensiling of sorghum and soybean with or without molasses and lactobacilli on silage quality and in vitro rumen fermentation. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 155: 122-131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2009.10.008[CrossRef]

[11] Lwin K-O, Kondo M, Ban-Tokuda T, Lapitan RM, Del-Barrio AN, Fujihara T, Matsui H (2012). Ruminal fermentation and microbial ecology of buffaloes and cattle fed the same diet. Anim. Sci. J. 83: 767-776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-0929.2012.01031.x[CrossRef]

[12] Morgavi D, Forano E, Martin C, Newbold C (2010). Microbial ecosystem and methanogenesis in ruminants. Animal. 4: 1024-1036.

[13] Nishino N, Wada H, Yoshida M, Shiota H (2004). Microbial counts, fermentation products, and aerobic stability of whole crop corn and a total mixed ration ensiled with and without inoculation of Lactobacillus casei or Lactobacillus buchneri. J. Dairy Sci. 87: 2563-2570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73381-0[CrossRef]

[14] Russell JB, Rychlik JL (2001). Factors that alter rumen microbial ecology. Science. 292: 1119-1122.

[15] Wang F, Nishino N (2008). Ensiling of soybean curd residue and wet brewers grains with or without other feeds as a total mixed ration. J. Dairy Sci. 91: 2380-2387.

[16] Weinberg Z, Chen Y, Miron D, Raviv Y, Nahim E, Bloch A, Yosef E, Nikbahat M, Miron J (2011). Preservation of total mixed rations for dairy cows in bales wrapped with polyethylene stretch film–A commercial scale experiment. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 164: 125-129.