Ethanolic extract of olive (Olea europaea) leaves contains phenolic compounds; oleuropein and ligstroside. The current study was designed to investigate the antibacterial property of Olea europaea leaf extract (OLE) (orally @10ml/l) alone and in combination with antibiotics in Salmonella gallinarum infected broiler chicks. A total of 125 one day old chicks were divided into 5 equal groups (25 chicks in each). Two groups were kept as negative and positive control, while others were supplemented with OLE, antibiotic, and OLE + antibiotic, respectively. On 14th day, experimental birds were infected with a field isolate of S. gallinarum (8.5×108 CFU/ml). The study revealed that morbidity and mortality rates were significantly lower in OLE supplemented groups. While there was a significant increase in body weight, erythrocytic count, hemoglobin concentration, and packed cell volume in OLE supplemented groups. Moreover, OLE was found with in-vitro zone of inhibition (18mm) against this bacterium. There was also a positive impact of OLE supplementation on total protein, albumin, and globulin concentrations than that of the rest of the groups. In conclusion, OLE has antimicrobial properties against S. gallinarum along with anabolic effect on the weight gain of broiler chickens and reduces the morbidity and mortality rate.
Research Article · Volume 58, Issue 1, 24 November 2025 · Open Access
Antimicrobial Action of Olive Leaf (Olea europaea) Extract and its Interaction with Antibiotics in Salmonella gallinarum Infected Broiler Chicks
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Affiliations & Notes ⌄
- 1Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan 2Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China 3Department of Veterinary Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan 4Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, China 5The Government Sadiq College for Women University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan 6Department of Chemistry, The Women University, Mu
Article Info ⌄
- Journal:
- Pakistan Journal of Zoology
- Published:
- 24 November 2025

Abstract
Figures

Sensitivity of S. gallinarum against olive leave extract and antibiotics as indicated by zones of inhibition.

Effect of different preparations of OLE on growth rate (A), total protein concentrations (B), globulin (C), albumin (D), alanine aminotransferase (E), aspartate aminotransferase (F), mortality rate (G) and morbidity rates (H) activities of normal and Salmonella gallinarum infected broiler chicks. For A-D, * indicates significance only with the control positive group and ** shows significance among all groups while *** means significance among the control positive and both of the OLE treated groups. For E and F, * indicates significantly higher results of control positive among all the other groups.

Histopathological examination (A) Liver from control positive group at 21st day (B), 28th day (C) and 35th day (D) spleen from control positive group at 21st day (E) at 28th day (F) and spleen at 35th day. INF, Lymphatic infiltration; TB, thickening of blood vessels; HF, hepatic foci necrosis; DF, degenerated follicle; EMS, edematous swelling.
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