Drawing upon a wealth of research information available for the Pothwar area the potential and limitations of agroforestry for improving animal production and soil fertility are discussed. Agroforestry is reputed to incorporate essential components of sustainability and self-sufficiency into some agricultural systems. Evidence is given that agroforestry, by providing shade is pastoral systems, thereby reduces heat stress in livestock and increases animal performance and overall productivity. A wide range of agroforestry trees provide forage with high crude protein and low fibre contents, making them a source of homegrown and cheaply available supplement for poor quality roughage feedstuffs such as cereal crop residues. Evidenced is presented that browsing on such trees improves feed intake, animal performance and overall utilization efficiency of poor quality roughage.