Map of study area Chiniot in the province of Punjab (Pakistan). Landscape of Chiniot study area is classified into two major categories: (a) open fields included agricultural land, River Chenab sides, streams or canals and cemeteries; (b) built-up areas included settlements, residential neighborhoods and institutional grounds. The sampling was done from seven sites. site 1 comprised agricultural land, site 2 (River Chenab sides), Site 3 (streams or canals), site 4 (cemeteries), site 5 (settlements), site 6 (residential neighborhoods) while site 7 represents institutional grounds.