Figure 6:

Wound healing process (Waqiah et al., 2023); The process of wound formation in livestock that occurs in the skin layers (1) Wounds caused by sharp or blunt trauma (2) Wounds that result in ruptured blood vessels (3) Wounds can be cured with alternative treatments using extracts from moringa and betel leaves (4) Healing The wound is divided into several phases, the first of which is hemostasis in the process of spontaneously stopping bleeding from damaged blood vessels, in this case the function of tannins in moringa and betel leaves can accelerate the cessation of bleeding in wounds (5)The next phase is inflammatory, the body’s natural immune reaction to fight various diseases or harmful microorganisms. In this case, the function of saponins in Moringa and betel leaves can fight microorganisms in the wound (6). The next phase is proliferation, when the wound is rebuilt with new collagen and extracellular matrix tissue. In the proliferative phase, the wound contracts as new tissue forms (7). The final stage of wound healing is strengthening newly formed tissue or the maturation process. In this phase, the scar is entirely covered by a new layer of skin (8).