Chondrogenesis derived from CSPCs by 2D and 3D culture. (a) Chondrocytes induced from CSPCs formed primmorphs, and were positive for alcian blue staining (bar, 100 μm); (b) Chondrogenic gene expression of Vimentin, ALCAM, SOX9, ITGB1, ACAN, FGFR3, and COL2A1 were analyzed by RT-PCR, respectively. (c) Chondrogenic differentiation of CSPCs in 3D monolayer culture was stained positive with toluidine blue and alcian blue staining, which depicted the presence of glycosminoglycans (bar, 200 μm).