Disease cycles of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici: (a) Insights into uredinial stage formation and epidemic progression; (b) Transition from Uredinial to Telial stage; (c) Teliospore production on wheat; (d) Karyogamy; (e) Formation on basidiospore production; (f) Basidiospore dispersal and disease initiation on Berberis spp. at the pycnial stages (g) and aecial stages on the upper and lower leaf surfaces of Berberis spp. (Ali et al., 2014).