The effect of SPT, TT100, TT50, SPT+TT100, and SPT+TT50 on (A) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), (B) luteinizing hormone (LH), (C) Serum Testosterone after 10 weeks of treatment of male pigeons (Columba livia domestica) (n=5) under a long photoperiod (19L:5D). For SPT treatment, administration of TT and statistical detail, see Figure 1. SPT induced a decrease in serum testosterone level. However, methanolic extract of TT could enhance significantly the testosterone level.