Ai Ming Zhou1,2, Guang Wen Liang2, Ling Zeng2, Yong Yue Lu2 and Yi Juan Xu2*
...ae) through interference competition. However, relatively less testing have been done to evaluate the competition for mutual exploitation between the two ant species in the field. Here, we investigated the interference of the fire ant S. invicta on the interactions between the ghost ant T. melanocephalum and the invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in the field. The results showed that fire an...
Sehrish Rasool1, Zain ul Abdin1,*, Saqi Kosar Abbas2, Sumra Ashraf1, Maryam Anwer1, Atif Manzoor1, Muhammad Tahir1 and Hoor Shaina1
...a) was studied on larval competition, survival and development of a gregarious ectoparasitoid Bracon hebetor (Say.) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). The number of adults, sex ratio and size of emerging adults were recorded. Smaller and larger host species were used to determine the survival potential of the wasp. It was observed that maximum number of adult wasps emerged from the hosts G. mellonlla (95 ±2.30 (se) and S. litura (81 ±...
Sitansu Pan and Someshwar Bhagat
Biological control of plant diseases
...ibiosis, mycoparasitism, competition for space and nutrient, production of certain toxins and secondary metabolites, solublization and sequestration of immobilized plant nutrients, plant growth prowth promoting properties and induced resistance. Multiple interactions between bacteria-fungi-actinomycete, may exist in nature and that is why consortium of microorganisms is needed for tackling several plant pathogens simultaneously instead of only one biocontrol a...
Someshwar Bhagat and Sitansu Pan
Comparative ecological behaviour of some pre- and post-tsunami isolates of Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride from Andaman & Nicobar Islands
...re colonization when the competition of other organisms withdrawn compared to natural and sun dried soil. Both competitive parasitic behaviour and rhizosphere colonization was low in post-Tsunami isolates of Trichoderma. The chlamydospore inoculum was found best in percentage colonization of sclerotia of boh R. solani and S. rolfsii, followed by mycelial and conidial inoculum. The isolate ThrAN-5 (T. harzianum) was most efficient in parasitizing the sclerotia ...
Umair Talib1*, Ijaz Ashraf1, Khalid Mahmood Chaudhary1, Riaz Ahmad2
...public extension through competition. This study conducted in 2016, sought to analyze whether smallholder rice growers are more satisfied with public or private extension organizations and development of a strategy to enhance the effectiveness of extension work. The specific objectives were to ascertain the satisfaction smallholder rice growers regarding the extension work conducted by public and private extension organizations; to analyze the satisfactio...
Trinh Thi Viet Ha1, Pham Duy Liem2 and Li Shuang1*
...Sino-Vietnam rice export competition is not strong, it is helpful to reduce trade friction between the two sides. Moreover, there is conducive to the development of bilateral trade cooperation of long-term stability, from another point of view, agricultural products can also strengthen the cooperation. Moreover, complementarity is increasing, through the calculation, Sino-Vietnam trade complementarity index showed an upward trend, which indicates Sino-Vietnam ...
Ali Ahsan Bajwa*, Ehsanullah*, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum*, Wahaj Nafees*, Mohsin Tanveer* and Hafiz Salman Saeed*
IMPACT OF FERTILIZER USE ON WEED MANAGEMENT IN CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE - A REVIEW
...eed growth and weed-crop competition periods and thus have indirect impacts on weed control strategies and management options in conservation crop production....
Syeda Aimen Hadi*, Abid Ghafoor Chaudhry*, Aftab Ahmed** and Shaheer Ellahi Khan***
PERCEPTION, APPROACHES AND PRACTICES OF LOCAL FARMING AND DEVELOPMENT: AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL APPROACH
...opment has increased the competition, transitioning, breaking the community into people experimenting on modern technology and those who are still finding means to adapt their traditional agriculture to the fast changing needs of the societies. The research was carried out in the villages of Ghora Gali and Aruka through qualitative and quantitative methods. Sustainable development in Pakistan thus needs to be reinvented in the local perspective considering app...
Muhammad Arshad Ullah*, Nazir Hussain**, Helge Schmeisky*** and Muhammad Rasheed****
INOCULATION AND INTER-CROPPING OF LEGUMES IN ESTABLISHED GRASS FOR INCREASING BIOMASS OF FODDER
...rea under fodders due to competition for food crops. Intercropping (33%, 50% and 67%) of Panicum maximum grass and legumes (Vicia sativa and cowpeas) coupled with inoculation was studied under rainfed conditions at National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC) Islamabad, Pakistan. Intercropping significantly increased tillering of grass. Seed inoculation of legumes also gave maximum tillers. The grass and legumes biomass without any treatment were recorded as 7...
Maryam Javed*, Farwa Saghir, Naveera Aziz, Maham Saeed, Asif Nadeem and Wasim Shehzad
...he territory protection, competition for resources like water, food, offspring and mating probabilities. It is an antisocial behavior having strong genetic relation. Current study focused mainly on the screening of genetic marker V158M located in COMT gene for its relation to physical aggression in the four domestic bovine species of Pakistan, which are normally less aggressive. Selected animal species were cattle (Bos indicus), buffalo (Bubalus buba...
Safia Rehman1, Nazish Mazhar Ali1,*, Gerald B. Pier2, Iram Liaqat1 and Bushra Mazhar1
Shamsher Ali1, Zakir Ullah Jan1*, Zahir Shah2, Muhammad Jamal Khan2, Farmanullah Khan2, Inayat ur Rahman3 and Shah Fahad3
... to study the production competition of hybrid (CS-200, cv) and local variety (Azam cv.) under the same application of fertilizer treatment and dozes during summer 2015. The field experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangements having two maize varieties in main pot and six levels of fertilizer treatments in sub pots repeated four times. Fertilizers treatments were made from the application of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (...
Muhammad Qasim Khan1, Syed Athar Masood1
PRODUCTIVITY MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF A PUBLIC SECTOR AUTOMOBILE REBUILD ORGANIZATION
...sed to aggressive market competition
and profitability. These organizations are administered by government rules and procedures unlike private sector organizations
which are driven solely on profitability factor. Therefore, conventional productivity improvement models are
as such not fully applicable to public sector rebuild organizations. In this context, data of a public sector automobile
rebuild organization has been collected. T...
and profitability. These organizations are administered by government rules and procedures unlike private sector organizations
which are driven solely on profitability factor. Therefore, conventional productivity improvement models are
as such not fully applicable to public sector rebuild organizations. In this context, data of a public sector automobile
rebuild organization has been collected. T...
Muhammad Nafees Khan1, Iftikhar Hussain2, Muhammad Tahir3, Misbah Ullah2, Shehzad Ali Jamshed4
THE EFFECTS OF TANGIBLE AND INTANGIBLE ASPECTS ON EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE
...Pakistan is facing tough competition from national & international organizations. In such
a competitive environment, organizations can compete effectively by utilizing the potential of its human resource. While
managing human resources, it is important to provide such facilities to the employees which result in yielding best
employees’ performance. Several organizations, however, struggle to manage performance of their employees....
a competitive environment, organizations can compete effectively by utilizing the potential of its human resource. While
managing human resources, it is important to provide such facilities to the employees which result in yielding best
employees’ performance. Several organizations, however, struggle to manage performance of their employees....
Asif Nawaz1*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan1, Rehmat Ullah1, Arshad Farooq2 and Abdul Hassan2
Assessment of Weed Management Competency of Field Assistants in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
... critical period of weed competition. Findings of Rank Based Quotient revealed that lack of promotion, training opportunities and incentives or motivation were the top most constraints that respondents faced in building the required competencies. Therefore, it is a dire need to provide practical in-service training to the Field Assistants in the identified areas for the adequate acquisition of weeds management competency. Moreover, there is need to minimize th...
Zhi Yijin, Shao Mingqin* and Li Quanjiang
...these two species reduce competition by foraging in different areas. Three small-sized shorebirds are recorded in each water depth category. Both spotted redshank Tringa erythropus and common greenshank Tringa nebularia have high water depth niche breadth (> 0.7), with high tolerance to water level variation; both species segregate spatially to reduce competition. Of mid- and large-sized wading birds, the Eu...
Fanrong Xiao, Jichao Wang and Haitao Shi*
...y reducing interspecific competition.
...
Feng Xu1,2,3*, Weikang Yang1,2,3*, Ming Ma1,2,3 and David A. Blank4
...ty and big intraspecific competitions for resources.
...
Nasir Rashid1,2*, Javaid Iqbal1,2, Umar Shahbaz Khan1,2, Mohsin Islam Tiwana1,2 and Amir Hamza1,2
...Austria and used for BCI competition 2008. Dataset comprises of EEG signals of four independent limb movements. These four movements represent feet movement, tongue movement, right hand and left-hand movements. In past researches, technique based on Cepstral analysis is applied primarily in area of speech recognition, mechanical parts analysis, seismological issues etc. Efficacy of EEG brain signal classification, using cepstral analysis-based features is disc...
Muhammad Tariq Chaudhary1, Saleem Ashraf 2, Muhammad Yaseen3 and Muhammad Luqman3
...ter and intra institutes competitions to bring positive change in behavior of students to pave the way towards success.
...
Ijaz Ahmad* and Bakhtiar Gul
...ly affected by the weeds competition in both the studied years. The maximum wheat plant height (38.1 and 39.4) was recorded in wheat, having no weeds competition during the year 2018 and 2019 respectively. Whereas, the minimum plant height (cm) 30.4 and 31.9 was recorded in wheat infested with Avena fatua and Silybum marianum. Due to the large leaf canopy of S. marianum, it is not possible for other species to sustain, becau...
Ghulam Raza1*, Maqsood Anawar2, Muhammad Akbar1, Muhammad Ali1, Alamdar Hussain1, Azhar Hussain3 and Tanveer Hussain4
... predators, poaching and competition for food with livestock during winter season. Therefore, the study was conducted to analyze the characteristic habitat feature and preference of Himalayan ibex during winter season in Hushe valley of Karakorum range.
...
Muhammad Jan1*, Muhammad Ashraf Sumrah1, Shoaib Akhtar1, Inam Ul Haq2, Muhammad Ramzan Anser1 and Iqra Yasmin1
...asing demand creates the competition among the farmers. To produce more it is important to apply fertilizer at a right time, right source and right method. In case of soil application, apply first dose of nitrogen, all phosphorus and all potassium fertilizers during the December. Apply second dose during May-June and third dose during September in Pothwar. Foliar application is suitable during end February and March. Drip irrigation is suitable during December...
Pengfei Liu*, Xuexue Qin and Fei Shang
...In order to avoid direct competition, closely related bird species that breed alongside each other are expected to use different habitats characteristics for nesting. We looked for possible differences in breeding ecology of two bird species, the plain laughingthrush Garrulax davidi concolor and Elliot,s laughingthrush Trochalopteron elliotii in lianhuashan, try to figure out the mechanisms permit stable coexisting of these two species...
Safdar Ali1*, Muhammad Umar1, Bashir Ahmad Khan2, Ijaz Ahmed3, Amir Manzoor1, Muhammad Saqib Riaz1, Muhammad Irfan Arif1 and Asif Nawaz1
...intra and inter specific competition. Maximum land equivalent ratio (1.8) was found under the plot where alternate strips of three lines of both crops were grown at 30 cm intra and inter strip distance and it was followed by (1.7) in the treatment where single lines of both crops were grown alternately at 30 cm distance. Similarly, the net income of intercropped plots having three lines of both crops grown alternately in the form of strips at 30 cm intra and i...
Amjad Ali1, Muhammad Amir2*, Bilal Ur Rehman2, Zafar Khan3 and Abid Munir1
...fingerprint verification competition database (FVC-DB1-2002). The image processing techniques, the proposed encryption technique and the results were processed using MATLAB. The empirical results presented in this paper demonstrate an overall improvement through the proposed approach as the similarity standards are almost distinct. Moreover, results of the proposed technique exhibit the weakest of correlations between the original and encrypted data during ext...
Syed Wajahat Husain Jaafry1* and Amber Fatima2
...). Some species increase competition when interacting with related and unrelated conspecifics (niche partitioning); some species do not show any change in the above/below ground allocation pattern. In this review, we attempt to provide a research background of species recognition in plants and plant communication, the current state of knowledge, and future perspectives. It has been established that species identification and communication between plants exist ...
Abdullah Iqbal1, Muhammad Abubakar2, Shumaila Manzoor3, Muhammad Kamran Ameen4 and Rani Faryal1*
...cent inhibition value of competition-ELISA of group 2 was half the mean percent inhibition values of group 3 and group 4 after one week of vaccination. There was no antigen shedding through nasal or fecal route after vaccination in any animal included in the study. ...
Muhammad Mansoor1, 2, Sheheryar1 and Shahid Ali Khan1*
...d without presenting any competition with cotton crop....
Muhammad Mansoor1, 2, Sheheryar1 and Shahid Ali Khan1*
...d without presenting any competition with cotton crop....
Abdul Hassan1*, Arshad Farooq1, Muhammad Ishaq2, Ghulam Sadiq2 and Asif Nawaz3
... input prices and market competition in- or sells-off had loadings in market risk factor while factors of human risk had loadings on facing difficulties in finding labor and migration of family members. Production strategies factor were weather forecast for adjusting production practices, adopt new technology and production diversity. Leasing inputs, market monitoring and switching to other markets had loadings in market strategy while maintaining good relatio...
Tariq Ahmad1*, Anum Razzaq2*, Li Bo1, Faiz ur Rehman3, Gul Saba2, Omama Saqib1, Saif Ullah2 and Muhammad Suliman1
Feng-Yan Liu1,2,3, Ting Chen1,2,3, Yu-Hui Li1,2,3, Zheng Liu1,2,3, Jing-Jin Zheng1,2,3, You-Bang Li1,2,3* and Zhong-hao Huang1,2,3*
...ve more intensive mating competition during the winter, rather than to the food intake and ambient temperature. The levels of T4 in adults were significantly higher than those in immature macaques, Also, T4 in males was significantly higher than those in females, indicating different energy intake/expenditure of rhesus macaques in different age and sex classes. Our findings provide a critical base of physiological information on the rhesus macaques inhabiting ...
Laikun Ma1,2, Jiaojiao Wang1, Shanshan Lyu2 and Jianhua Hou1*
...l males increased during competition with intruders, and maximum song length was positively related to a stronger song response by territorial males. Our results suggest that dusky warbler song length does not meet the response criteria for classification as an aggression signalling mechanism. However, our results suggest that song length may be an indicator of the fighting ability of male dusky warbler and may function in short-term communication....
Guo-Hai Wang1, Ji-Feng Long2, Li-Juan Wei3, Zhi Qin2, Wei Yao4, Chuang-Bin-Tang1* and Qi-Hai Zhou4*
... to reduce interspecific competition. ...
Imtiaz Khan1*, Abdullah1, Muhammad Ibrahim1, Muhammad Ishfaq Khan1, Saima Hashim1, Shomayela Afzal2 and Khalid Nawab3
...uctivity and reduce weed competition in chickpea cultivation. However, it is essential to consider factors like herbicide resistance, environmental impacts, and sustainability while formulating weed management strategies in agricultural practices. Further research may be needed to optimize the application of different treatments and to explore additional weed management techniques to maintain effective weed control in the long term....
Makruf Arif1*, Claude Mona Airin1, Dwi Sunu Datrianto2, Vincentia Trisna Yoelinda1, Sarmin1, Yuda Heru Fibrianto1, Pudji Astuti1
...e levels during songbird competition remains unreported, this study aims to investigate testosterone and corticosterone hormone levels in Stone Magpies before and after the songbird contest. Fecal samples were collected from twelve birds, distinguishing between amateur and experienced groups, both before and after the songbird contest, and preserved at -20°C. Corticosterone and testosterone hormone levels were assessed using an ELISA kit, and the acquired ...
Xin Niu1, Xuelan Fang2, Sang Ba3, Yihao Fang1,4, Davide Fornacca1,7, Kun Tan1,4, Yanpeng Li1,4,5*, Zhipang Huang1,4,5* and Wen Xiao1,4,5,6,7
...ch other to limit direct competition and conflicts. Moreover, differences in foraging strategy and dietary selection contributed to the coexistence of the two primate species in mountain habitats. Our findings suggest that, to support the coexistence and survival of these two primate species living in high altitude montane regions, the habitats along the overall elevational gradients should be included in wildlife conservation policies....
