Structural Insights into the Dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain
Structural Insights into the Dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain
Muhammad Israr1, Riffat Naseem1, Laiba Rasheed2, Samar Abbas3, Ahsen Taqveem4, Areej Fatima5, Akash John6, Ali Haider2*
ABSTRACT
The spike protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is crucial for host cell entrance and host specificity, making it a significant target for vaccine and treatment development. In reaction to immunological pressure and adaptive selection, the S protein has undergone significant evolution throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. The majority of these alterations were attributed to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the S protein, resulting in modifications to viral characteristics, including transmission dynamics and immune evasion from vaccinations and antiviral treatments. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is always evolving in reaction to extraordinary difficulties, allowing it to flourish and altering its core structure. This short review seeks to delineate the evolutionary and structural challenges that have transformed the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, in relation to the high-resolution data concerning the functional and structural specifics of the receptor-binding domain of the spike proteins. The findings illuminate the adaptability and evolution of the RBD, providing essential insights for the development of innovative vaccines and next-generation antivirals aimed at persistent and developing forms of SARS-CoV-2.
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