Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Peste des Petits Ruminants in Goats from Khipro, District Sanghar, Sindh
Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Peste des Petits Ruminants in Goats from Khipro, District Sanghar, Sindh
Abdul Rehman1, Muhammad Ismail Memon1, Aziz Ahmed Lakho2, Muhammad Usman3, Atif Munir2, Nisar Ahmed Solangi4, Sami Ullah Jan2, Firdous Ali Amir2, Maaz Khan2 and Abdul Kabir5*
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in goats of Khipro District, Sanghar, and assess associated risk factors. A total of 180 serum samples were randomly collected from goats of varying age groups and categorized based on clinical, para-clinical, and gross pathological postmortem findings. Samples were analyzed using competitive ELISA at the Central Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (CVDL), Tandojam, Sindh. The overall seroprevalence of PPR was highest in non-irrigated areas (72.54%) compared to irrigated regions (45.73%). Gender-wise, females exhibited higher infection rates (59.85%) than males (34.88%). Age significantly influenced prevalence, with goats >12 months showing the highest Seropositivity (73.33%) and those aged 4–12 months the lowest (32.72%). Seasonal variation was evident, with August recording the highest prevalence (67.39%) and October the lowest (31.88%). Clinically positive samples demonstrated markedly higher seroprevalence (61.97%) than para-clinical cases (21.05%). Clinical monitoring revealed peak body temperature (105.38°F) and pulse rate (120 BPM) on days 5 and 4, respectively, while respiratory rates peaked at 50 RPM on day 4. Severe clinical manifestations included oculo-nasal discharge (day 10), diarrhea (day 7), dehydration (day 7), necrotic stomatitis (day 9), and cough (day 10). Postmortem analysis identified stomatitis, tracheal froth, pneumonic lungs, splenomegaly, mesenteric lymphadenopathy, intestinal hemorrhages, and pathognomonic “zebra striping” lesions in the gastrointestinal tract. This study concludes that PPR seroprevalence in Khipro District is alarmingly high, particularly in non-irrigated zones, female goats, and older animals (>12 months). The findings underscore the need for targeted vaccination campaigns, enhanced surveillance, and farmer education to mitigate PPR’s impact on goat populations and local livelihoods.
Keywords | PPR, Seroprevalence, C-ELISA, Goats, Khipro, Sindh, Risk factors
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