Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Non-Typhoidal Salmonella in Controlled Layer Poultry Sheds
Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Non-Typhoidal Salmonella in Controlled Layer Poultry Sheds
Muhammad Rashid1, Adil Shahzad1,2,3, Hafiz Qadeer Ahmed2,4*, Muhammad Hamza5, Muhammad
Fayyaz Akhtar1, Syed Faizan ul Hassan1, Rabia Zahid1, Sultan Ali1
ABSTRACT
Abstract | Salmonella is a major zoonotic pathogen causing salmonellosis in poultry and gastroenteritis in humans. In poultry, Salmonella is the leading cause of bacterial infections causing watery diarrhea, inadequate food intake, poor growth, and low egg production. This research sought to identify Salmonella in controlled layer poultry sheds from poultry droppings and detect its pattern of antibiotic resistance. A total of 100 samples (25 from each shed) were collected and enriched in selective tetrathionate broth and grown on selective media salmonella-shigella agar. Salmonella was confirmed by examining the colony morphology, microscopic features, and results of biochemical tests such as the indole test, Voges-Proskauer test, methyl red test, oxidase test, catalase test, triple sugar iron test, and citrate test. Out of 100 samples, 22 samples were confirmed for having Salmonella. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to check the susceptibility of different antibiotics and the zone of inhibition was measured and compared to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI 2023). When susceptibility was measured, all Salmonella isolates were resistant to ampicillin, 86.36% of isolates were resistant to Nalidixic acid and 77.27% of the isolated bacteria were resistant to tetracycline. Ceftriaxone and Tazobactam were the most sensitive drugs against the Salmonella isolates. PCR results showed that the blaTEM gene was the most detected resistant gene in the Salmonella isolates. These results confirm the prevalence of antibiotic resistance Salmonella species in the poultry environment. Therefore, to prevent the emergence and spread of drug-resistant Salmonella isolates, reasonable utilization and stringent control techniques for antimicrobials in control and treatment are required.
Novelty Statement | This research belongs to importance of zoonosis of Salmonella spp., antibiotic resistance which may be caused by the egg consumption from layer sheds used to treat the layer bird. The studies highlight the importance of this aspect and investigated the prevalence in selected area to highlight the potential issue.
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