Development and Evaluation of a Bivalent Oil-Adjuvanted Vaccine Against Necrotic Enteritis and Avian Colibacillosis in Poultry
Development and Evaluation of a Bivalent Oil-Adjuvanted Vaccine Against Necrotic Enteritis and Avian Colibacillosis in Poultry
Agustin Indrawati1, Safika1, Christian Marco Hadi Nugroho2, Muhammad Ade Putra2, Otto Sahat Martua Silaen2, Desak Gede Budi Krisnamurti3, Max U. E. Sanam4, Ryan Septa Kurnia2*
ABSTRACT
Necrotic enteritis (NE) and avian colibacillosis are significant diseases affecting poultry, leading to economic losses due to reduced productivity and increased mortality. The present study investigated the stability, safety, and potency of combination Clostridium perfringens type A toxoid and Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) bacterins with oil adjuvants. Stability assessment of vaccine emulsion determined under artificially induced thermal conditions. Vaccine potency based on immune response in 12-week-old commercial layer chickens that were divided into four groups consisting of single vaccine NE or APEC, bivalent vaccine, and control unvaccinated. The prepared vaccine could withstand high thermal stress up to 37°C for 24 days any adverse effects on the physicochemical properties of the emulsion. The vaccine showed significant physical changes in stability due to storage at 37°C for more than 24 days, causing the separation of the oil and water phases. Bivalent NE-coli vaccine was found safe and produced antibody response against toxin alpha C. perfringens and APEC after 4 weeks of first vaccination measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Immunogenicity studies showed that antibody responses to each antigen were significant higher between combination and single formulated vaccine. Combination vaccine induced optimum immune response against both antigens, in spite of the fact that single vaccine showed significantly higher than combination vaccine. However, this study illustrates that the bivalent vaccine formulation effectively stimulates immune responses, potentially providing protection against NE and colibacillosis in poultry. The efficiency of vaccine administration in the field may be higher compared to two single vaccine administrations.
Keywords | Clostridium perfringens, Necrotic enteritis, E. coli, Toxin, Vaccine
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June 2025
Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci., Vol. 13, Iss. 6,
