Breeding Biology and Egg Parameters of Red-Wattled Lapwing (Vanellus indicus) in Agri-Fields of Gomal Landscape, District Tank, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Breeding Biology and Egg Parameters of Red-Wattled Lapwing (Vanellus indicus) in Agri-Fields of Gomal Landscape, District Tank, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Shahid Amin1*, Aziz Ur Rehman2, Umer Farooq3, Muhammad Fawad Fareed4,5, Ashfaq5, Imran khan6, Inayat Ullah7 and Hazrat Ali8
ABSTRACT
The study investigated various features of the breeding-Biology of Red-Wattled Lapwing (Vanellus indicus) and characteristics of its eggs in agricultural fields of Gomal, district Tank. The male bird chose a location for the nesting season and the both birds (male, female) assisted in building the nest. The nests were a spherical hole surrounded by rocks or solid clay fragments. The following eggs parameters were recorded: egg width (30.18 mm), egg length (40.00 mm), egg volume (16.64 ml), egg weight (20.29 gm), egg specific gravity (1.21g/cm3), and egg shape index (75.43). Both parents shared the 27-day incubation period, resulting in a hatching success rate of 75.00%. The parents diligently protected their offspring until they were capable flyers, which typically occurred within 22-25 days post-hatching. The entire breeding cycle was completed within 65-78 days.
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