Antibacterial and Immuno-Modulatory Effects of Probiotics and Phytobiotics in Spent Rhode Island Red Layers
Antibacterial and Immuno-Modulatory Effects of Probiotics and Phytobiotics in Spent Rhode Island Red Layers
Muhammad Mushtaq1, Muhammad Shuaib1*, Aamir Iqbal2, Abubakar Sufyan3, Muqader Shah6, Noor Ul Ain Nawaz4, Muhammad Ismail Khan5, Hamayun Khan6, Muhammad Shahkar Uzair1, Qudrat Ullah6 and Usman Zeb7
ABSTRACT
This research study was designed to evaluate the synergistic effects of phytobiotics and probiotics during the induced mix (Escherichia coli and Salmonella) infection in egg-type birds. Six different phytobiotic extracts with a constant dose level of probiotic were first evaluated through in-vitro screening by disk diffusion method against the resisted E. coli and Salmonella paratyphi. Based on in-vitro screening, phytobiotics were further evaluated by in-vivo trial. The potential of phytobiotics with probiotics was evaluated by evaluating the mortality, morbidity, intestinal microbiota count, and serum immunoglobulin (IgA, IgM, and IgG) during the induced mixed infection. Birds were inoculated with E. coli (O157:H7) and S. paratyphi at the rate of 1:1x109 cfu/ml each. Birds were divided into 12 groups having three replicates. Phytobiotics extracts at concentration of 1, 100, and 1000mg/L were used for all the three selected medicinal plants with probiotics @ 0.03ml/L (12×106 spores). The in-vitro evaluation of phytobiotics (Fenugreek, B. Lycium, and T. arjuna) extracts with probiotic (Bacillus clausii) showed more potential by inhibiting the growth of selected bacterial strains. It was noticed that phytobiotics and probiotics at 1000mg/L+0.03ml/L dose level showed improved microbial count, IgA, IgM, IgG, mortality, and morbidity against the infection as compared to the control and standard group. It was concluded from the present experiment that phytobiotics with probiotics possess antimicrobial and immune-modulatory properties.
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