Sex-specific social parental provisioning rates of adult varied tits directed towards broods in relation to EPP (sample sizes for early, medium and late nestling stages of non-EPP nests are 23, 24 and 18, and for EPP nests are 20, 18 and 13, respectively). Post hoc Tukey HSD tests show no significant differences in all values between EPP and non-EPP nests in each nestling stage (all p≥0.057). Boxplots and the whiskers show 25%, 75% and the 5%, 95% of the data, respectively. Black lines represent the median values and green lines the mean values.