PCA ordination of (A) 18 species of beetle and 13 environmental factors, (B) 45 sample sites and 13 environmental factors; PB, Plant biomass; PC, Plant coverage; PD, Plant density; PH, Plant height; PSD, Plant species diversity; Litter, Aboveground litter; SBD, Bulk density; SM, Soil moisture; Temp, Soil temperature; C, Soil organic matter; P, Total phosphorus; N, Total nitrogen; pH, pH value. Environmental factors are represented by red arrows, carabid species are represented by blue arrows, dominant species are enclosed in red rectangular boxes.