PKR is currency of Pakistan, PKR 130= US$1, market price of paddy= 250 $ t-1, market price of straw = 3.85 $ t-1, grand income = [(paddy yield × market price of paddy t-1) + (straw yield × market price of straw t-1)], net profit= (grand income – total cost of production). benefit-cost ratio = net benefit / total cost of production).