Estimated MDA (µmol/g of brain tissue) (A) and GSH (nmol/g of brain tissue) levels (B) various enzyme activities followed by s.c. injection of rotenone. Enzymes activity such as SOD (U/g of brain), CAT (µmol/min/g of brain tissue), and GPx (µmol/min/g of brain tissue) were also estimated to determine the effects of 15 days curcumin pre-treatment on rotenone-induced oxidative stress. Significant differences were obtained by one-way ANOVA following Tukey’s test. **p<0.01 versus controls and ++p<0.01 versus rotenone injected group (n=6).