Pulse rate (Mean ± SE) following MK and MKA treatment in a crossover design using 12 pigeons.
* denotes significant difference from baseline, # denotes significant treatment difference at corresponding time points. ^ denotes significant difference from pre-induction values at 5 min, and P < 0.05. MK, medetomidine ketamine; MKA, medetomidine ketamine and atipamezole; Green arrow indicates time of administration of atipamezole; red arrow indicates time of induction with ketamine.