Naushad Khan1*, Shahnaz Akhtar1, Munir Khan1, Shaista Naz2, Javeria Tanveer1 and Muhammad Kaleem3
...taff cooperation and one window operation to address the problems of farmers while obtaining loan/credit from ZTBL. Such type of credit program ensuring proper utilization of credit should also be replicated to other districts of the province....
Saqib Ali1, Suliman Ali1, Lina1, Wen Zhou1, Muhammad Irfan Waris1, Ashfaq Ali2 and Man Qun Wang1,*
...nce fires in addition to windstorms, and start the bio-worsening of woody tissue. The females lay eggs on the bark surface of the stems and branches of trees as a result rotten woody plants. The larval beetles characteristically feed in the phloem as well as later in the xylem. The females select living hosts for oviposition and thus destroy the vigour of the trees. However, at the early stage of intestation, detection of Anoplophora glabripennis...
Syed Ishfaq Ali Shah1,*, Tassawar Hussain Malik2, Imran Rafi Khan1 and Zahid Hussain3
...mperatures, rainfall and wind velocity were negative and non-significantly correlated while, % relative humidity (%R.H) was found non-significantly and positively correlated both with USDA accessions and local varieties. On overall basis, during the course of the season, lowest number of jassid/leaf was recorded on USG-12-8 (1.7) followed by USG-12-44 (3.2) and USG-12-24 (3.3) while, number of whiteflies/leaf on USG-14-2460 (11.6) followed by USG-12-24 (12.4) ...
Wajid Hasan1 and C. P. Singh2
Relationship between the population of mustard aphid,Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) and weather parameters on different cultivars of Indian mustard ( Brassica juncea L.)
...um temperature,rainfall, wind velocity, evaporation and positive with afternoon and morning relative humidity. The values of coefficient of determination (R ) were high (0.92 to 0.99), indicated that the population of L. erysimi governed significantly with the weather parameters. It concluded that the temperature (max. 18.7 and min. 5.0 C), relative humidity (morning 91.5 and afternoon 50.5 percent), rainfall (000.0 mm), evaporation (below 1.55 mm), bright sun...
Bijan Kumar Das
Incidence of Aleurocanthus spp. (Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera) on betelvine (Piper betle L.) and their interaction with host plants
...telvine ecosystem which dwindle betelvine yield potentiality. Among these, the polyphagous betelvine blackfly, Aleurocanthus rugosa Singh (Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera) is a major pest causing severe damage to the foliage in the conservatories (borojas) of West Bengal. The seasonal incidence of A. rugosa in boroja was recorded during 2003-2004. A. rugosa adults were active in the boroja throughout the year with two peaks, one in pre-monsoon and another in post-monso...
Oaj Khurshid1*, Naureen Aurangzeb1, Ayaz Khan1, Alia Naz1, Abdullah khan1, Sobia Nisa2 and Sehrish Sajawal3
...ontent and C/N ratio. On windrow composting, not only the bulk of the waste was compacted but also formed a powdery earthy stinking soil-like, compost material. All valued factors in the compost samples were found to be within the acceptable limits set by international standard. The pH fluctuated between 7.5-8.1, moisture 35% and organic matter 43%, and has adequate quantity of plant nutrients C34%, N (0.06%), K (0.32%), P (0.004), Na (4.6%). The quality of co...
Arooj Fatima1* and Ashfaq Ahmed2
...ehabilitation clinic, Raiwind road, Lahore. The study included sample size of 50 subjects diagnosed with rotator cuff tendinopathy. Patients included in study were allocated randomly into; Group-A: This group was treated with routine physiotherapy treatment. Group-B: In this group, subjects were trained with eccentric loading exercises along with routine physiotherapy treatment. The outcome measures were pain intensity measured by using Visual Analogue Scale (...
Muhammad Sharif*, Muhammad Azam Niazi* and Abdul Jabbar**
SEAFOOD EXPORTS: CHALLENGES AND WAY FORWARD
... the country is low but dwindling to the disastrous level. Export of seafood has increased from 131,620 t (a value of US$ 315.5 million) in 2011-12 to 136,360 t (a value of US$ 333.13 million) in 2012-13, with an annual increase of 9.5% in term of quantity and 4.5% in term of value. Decline in seafood resources, lack of shrimp culture, insufficient facilities at fish markets, inadequate fishing policies and low export prices of seafood are major challenges fac...
Syed Muhammad Hassan Raza1*, Syed Amer Mahmood1, Veraldo Liesenberg2 and Syed Shehzad Hassan1
...2) 2014, with a temporal window of 16 days to delineate YSB vulnerability from egg laying to pupa evolution stage. The results obtained highlight that 73% of the investigation area were venerable for a female YSB to lay 100-143 eggs on April 03, that increased up to 96% to lay 148-176 eggs on April 19, due to increase in temperature. On May 05, about 5377 km2 area was found in egg hatching phase, on May 21, 1514 km2 area was found in larva evolution phase and ...
Irfan Ali Sabir1, Saeed Ahmad1*, Muhammad Nafees2, Ahmad Sattar Khan1, Maryam3 and Ishtiaq Ahmad2
...nd can expend the supply window of mango. ...
Aamir Saleem1, Arshad Mahmood Malik2*, Najam Ul Hassan1 and Imtiaz A. Qamar3
...vaporation, sunshine and wind speed for interpreting results along with their statistical analysis as fixing legume with grass has improved the forage quality. Overall, these results has suggested that grass-legume mixtures can improve livestock and pasture productivity, sustainability and as well as to fix atmospheric nitrogen and this may improve soil N status also. These mixtures were also recommended for use in the semi-arid region of Pakistan as it would ...
Muhammad Asim1*, Asghari Bano2, Sikander Khan Tanveer3 and Muhammad Umair Aslam4
...es, grown in four sowing windows over six years. The rainfed wheat productivity is predominantly determined by environmental conditions, particularly rainfall induced moisture availability. Hence, the best match between sowing time and the environment prevailed at that time emerged as an important yield determining factor. Overall, grain yield varied between 2.5-4.9 t/ha in these genotypes, between 2.7-4.8 t/h over years and between 2.0-5.1 t/ha across sowing ...
Filza Fatima Rizvi1, Muhammad Umair1, Muhammad Kahlid Jamil2*, Masooma Hassan2, Komal Qayyum1 and Syed Mohsin Raza Kazmi3
...ion that includes solar, wind and biogas has been calculated from the data, taken from different sources. Based on the analysis, it is estimated that the solar energy potential in Pothohar region is ~ 97321 MW, only ~ 126 MW (0.12 %) is used in Agriculture sector for different farm operations. Likewise, only 51 MW of wind energy is exploited from 63000 MW, and the potential of biogas is ~ 331, 239 m³/day (from live stoc...
Farid Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Iqbal1
DEVELOPMENT OF A TESTING RIG FOR VIBRATION AND WIND BASED ENERGY HARVESTERS
...e vibration shaker and a wind tunnel
for testing of micro and meso scale vibration based, wind based and hybrid (using combined vibration and wind)
energy harvesters. The mechanical shakers used for vibration and shock testing are the most versatile, inexpensive
and easy to operate, however, due to their fixed displacement, single frequency and sinusoidal behavior, usa...
for testing of micro and meso scale vibration based, wind based and hybrid (using combined vibration and wind)
energy harvesters. The mechanical shakers used for vibration and shock testing are the most versatile, inexpensive
and easy to operate, however, due to their fixed displacement, single frequency and sinusoidal behavior, usa...
Zeeshan Sabir*, M. Inayatullah Babar*, Saeed Ur Rehman**, Amjad Ullah Khattak * Syed Riaz Ul Hassnain*
EVALUATING PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN MANET ENVIRONMENT BASED ON TCP WINDOW SIZE EVALUATION
...red based upon their TCP window size evaluation and the number of tcp packets successfully received at the receiving node under each scenario.
...
Sikandar Khan*, Afzal Khan*, Muhammad Tahir Khan*, Muhammad Ali Kamran* and Abdul Shakoor*
DYNAMIC MODELING AND STARTING BEHAVIOR OF A SMALL HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND TURBINE
...ify;">Small, stand-alone wind turbines are a possible solution to the energy requirements of remote areas in Pakistan. However except for the coastal areas, wind speeds available in various areas of Pakistan are low to medium, especially in the northern areas. It is possible to produce significant power from a small wind turbine at low wind
Shakil Rehman Sheikh1*, Zafar Ullah Koreshi1, Nouman Ghafoor1, Muhammad Shahid Khalil1, Muzzamil Ghaffar1
MITIGATING CO2 EMISSIONS OF ACADEMIC BUILDINGS IN PAKISTAN USING ENERGY CONSERVATION TECHNIQUES
... different types of window glazing, LED Lighting, efficient gas heating, and improvement in behavior pattern could also result in substantial energy savings. The maximum achievable savings can be as much as 50% of the energy cost of the school buildings. Additionally, once extrapolated over the entire school-going population of Pakistan the CO2 emission savings come out to be substantial, amounting to 3.07 M tonnes annually.
...
Fangqing Liu1, Jared Atlas2, Chaohao Du1, Anoop Das3 and Longying Wen1*
...wing length of males and wind speed (P=0.017). Conversely, body weight, body length, wing length and tail length in males were significantly negatively correlated with air temperature (P<0.05). Many measures of body size (wing length and tail length for males; tail length for females) increased with latitude after controlling for altitude, indicating that the body size of this species, especially in males, is significantly larger at high latit...
Dara Jaff1,2* and Michael C. Jarvis2
...l of lodging straw under wind and gravity loading was constructed. Bending moments due to gravity and wind were explicitly calculated. For the thin-strawed landrace phenotypes, as lodging progressed, gravity became the dominant influence. The model was used to prioritise different straw parameters that influence lodging. Increasing straw diameter was the most promising way to improve resistance to lodging, since diameter sho...
Muhammad Shahzad1*, Syed Amer Mahmood2, Athar Ashraf3, Amer Masood2 and Saira Batool4
...generated using a moving window size of (1-4 km). TSR and DD maps show interesting results that correspond to the relative sensitivity of the landscape to regional neotectonics. DD exposed the neotectonic activity preserved in the Quaternary era in the surroundings of NPS. The TSR maps revealed that North-North-East (NNE), North-West (NW), South-West (SW) f the investigation region and segments parallel to the Sassi Raikot Fault (SRF), Sassi-Jaglot-Bunji (SJB)...
Mohsen M. Elsharkawy1, Salem H. Homayed1, Mohamed M. Elsawy2 and Amr A. Khedr1
... potential of fan-forced wind and
the growth promoting fungus, Fusarium equiseti GF 19-1, as novel and safe management strategies
against the invasion of CMV in cucumber plants.
Methods: The fan was operated two times per day (8:00 am and 18:00 pm, each time for 30 min).
Moreover, cucumber plants were treated with cell free filtrate (CF) of GF 19-1 at 1 day before virus
inoculation.
Result...
Jehan Dastagir, Muhammad Amir*, Bilal Ur Rehman, Shahid Hameed and Majad Ashraf
...retransmission rates and window sizes. Simulations in this regard were carried through using NS-2 (Network Simulator-2) simulation software. From simulation results, as evident in this paper, TCP Westwood was found to be the best candidate for innovation out of the mentioned flavors based on its output performance. The most active objective of the proposed research presented in this paper was to modify the already chosen TCP Westwood protocol and to come up wi...
Shoaib Khan1, Sida Hussain2, Amir Naveed1*, Nazia Wali3, Zafar Ullah1, Muhammad Arif1, Muhammad Sadiq4 and Muhammad Asif5
...s. Energy extracted from wind and solar are the two most established ones as more than 5% of electricity is produced from wind globally. This paper gives insight knowledge to the energy planners for developing a cost-effective way to mitigate the electricity problems in low-income areas by incorporating the energy mix of wind and solar. A Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Genera...
Aiman Amur1*, Nasreen Memon1, Pervaiz Khan2 and Fozia Gull3
...ty (r=0.064, r=0.21) and wind velocity (r=0.773, r=0.58), respectively. This relationship of abiotic factors clearly shows that pest emergence increase with peak season of host and ecology of field. This research work indicated about pest alarming occurrence time, correlation of environmental factors and suggesting future pest management strategies for controlling Pest.
...
Abdul Sattar*, Hasan Orooj and Muhammad Iqbal Afridi
... timely interventions in window period (winter). The results of high risk mapping followed by focused intervention are remarkable. The last 10 years data reflect the load of disease through these interventions introduced by DHS is at least 5-10 times less as compared to immediate surroundings, as Rawalpindi and rural Islamabad do not prepare high risk mapping during the window period.
...
Abdul Sattar*, Hasan Orooj and Muhammad Iqbal Afridi
... timely interventions in window period (winter). The results of high risk mapping followed by focused intervention are remarkable. The last 10 years data reflect the load of disease through these interventions introduced by DHS is at least 5-10 times less as compared to immediate surroundings, as Rawalpindi and rural Islamabad do not prepare high risk mapping during the window period.
...
Xiuli Wang1, Cuilan Hu2 and Sen Ye3*
...ip between extended time window thrombectomy on acute cerebral infarction and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) expression, postoperative brain function. Eighty SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, infarction group, 4.5h thrombolysis group and 6h thrombolysis group. The postoperative body weight loss rate and neurological function change of each group were observed by body weight test and neurological function scores. The infa...
Zhongxi Zhang1, Ping Zou2*, Jingfang Zhang1, Yujuan Zeng1 and Yujie Tang1
...the early treatment time window and blood-brain barrier marker protein expression in rats with acute basilar artery occlusion. Sprague Dawley rats (n=180) were randomly divided into 6 groups, 30 in each group, which were sham operation group, model group, and intravenous thrombolysis for 0, 2, 4, and 6h groups. The rats were scored by Zea-Longa method. The effects of intravenous thrombolysis on brain injury and blood-brain barrier were detected by TTC staining...
Dong-Min Hou and Ding-Qi Rao*
...osphere, ocean currents, wind and animals, and it of different shapes and sizes can directly or indirectly affect organisms and pose health risks to animals and humans. Therefore, the size and types of microplastics and their effects on different organs of different types of animals were reviewed in this paper. However, we found that the health risks posed by microplastics to amphibians and reptiles remain unknown. Then, we reviewed the effects of microplastic...
Muhammad Said1, Amjad Hussain Mirani1, Abdul Kabir*1,2, Muhammad Haris Raza Farhan3, Abdul Latif Bhutto1, Ghulam Shabbir Barham1, Khaleeq Ur Rahman Bhutto4, Muhammad Uzair1, Maaz Khan1
Aiman Amur1*, Nasreen Memon1, Khalida Unar2 and Roshan Jamali3
...0.024, respectively) and wind velocity (r=-0.62, r= -0.419, respectively). Current status of fruit flies shows that all the factors of ecology, directly are indirectly impact on the progress physically and reproductively enhance the growth of Bactrocera dorsalis. These ecological correlations play key role in development of pest....
Ghulam Jelani1, Qudratullah Kalwar1*, Asmatullah Kaka2, Abdullah Channo2, Ayyaz Ahmed1, Majid Hussain Soomro1, Hidayatullah Soomro1, Deepesh Kumar Bhuptani1 and Yar Muhammad Jalbani1
...f embryo within a narrow window of suitable estrous time. In cattle, embryo transfer technology is widely used to amplify the reproductive rates of genetically improved superior females, planed mating, twinning, disease control, better pregnancy rate in repeat breeder cattle and increment of production of farm and reproductive rates. However, embryo transfer is widely used owing to its potential benefits. Hormonal protocol and synchronization improvements incr...
Farooq Jan1*, Abdur Rauf1, Ikramullah Khan1, Muhammad Yasin2, Muhammad Qayash3, Hazrat Wali1, Muhammad Luqman1, Fayaz Asad4 and Muhammad Khalid5
...perature, rain fall, and wind speed are correlated with total pollen count (TPC) using SPSS 16.0 and MS Excel to draw a relationship between them which are useful for allergy patients. The results showed that mean temperature, wind speed and rainfall are the factors that influence pollen of Broussonetia papyrifera only during the spring seasons and the Dandelion, Cannabis sativa and Eucalyptus globulus pollen grains are infl...
Shaista Ilyas1, Safdar Ali1, Amer Habib1, Misbah Ali1,2, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan3*, Yasir Iftikhar3, Muhammad Usman Ghani4,5 and Muhammad Umair1
...) and relative humidity, wind speed and rainfall. The results revealed that there was negative correlation between maximum temperature and disease development. It could be concluded that the application of nutrients alone and in combination caused significant reduction in disease severity and enhanced the plant growth. ...
KHADIJA SUMMIA*1, ROHEELA YASMEEN*2, ALEEM UN NISA3, SAMIA DJEFFAL4 & TAHIRA JABEEN1
... two groups: Group A (Raiwind, 30 samples), Group B (Bedian Road, 20 samples). All samples were analyzed for estimation of aflatoxins level using thin layer chromatography (TLC) method. The results showed that out of 50 samples, 20 (40 %) were fit as no level of aflatoxins detected in these samples. However, 30 (60 %) were positive for aflatoxins. 15(50 %) samples were highly contaminated and unfit. However, the other 15 (50 %) samples were within the toleranc...
Aleena Kokab1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1*, Masood Rabbani1, Wasim Shehzad2, Muhammad Ilyas Riaz1, Sohail Raza1 and Rida Haroon Durrani1
...thus providing a broader window of their application throughout the food chain. On chicken breast cuts, phage mix efficiently supported sustained (3 days) bacterial reduction of 1.47 log units and 2.72 log units at MOI 100 and 10,000, respectively with greater MOI providing greater reduction. For standardizing the use of bacteriophages, physiological characterization is a crucial constraint. Owing to the strong lytic regime and spectrum, bacteriophages proved ...
Laila Ibouzine-Dine1*, Inssaf Berkiks1,2, Mouloud Lamtai1*, Hasnaa Mallouk1, Ayoub Rezqaoui1, Abdeljabbar Nassiri1, Abdelhalem Mesfioui1, Aboubaker El Hessni1
... represents the critical window referring to specific intervals of time during which the brain’s development exhibits increased sensitivity to specific types of learning and external influences. This period is usually associated with the development of age-related neurodevelopmental processes. Nitric oxide (NO) is an essential signaling molecules that play an important role in physiological processes including neuronal survival and differentiation, neuro...
